Quantum Gaussian processes for prediction of channel observations

Quantum Physics arXiv:2608.19306 (quant-ph) [Submitted on 19 Aug 2026] Title:Quantum Gaussian processes for prediction of channel observations Authors:Jonas Jäger, Yaroslav Khmelnitskiy, Paolo Braccia, Artur Miroszewski, Diego García-Martín, M. Cerezo, Piotr Czarnik View a PDF of the paper titled Quantum Gaussian processes for prediction of channel observations, by Jonas J\"ager and 6 other authors View PDF HTML (experimental) Abstract:Given a set of input states, we consider the task of predicting the expectation value of a Pauli observable at the output of an unknown quantum evolution, using only a limited number of measurements. Recently, quantum Gaussian process (QGP) regression was introduced for this task across various classes of unitary evolution. Here, we extend the QGP framework beyond unitary dynamics. In particular, we prove convergence of the channel's outputs to a QGP and derive the associated closed-form kernel under a uniform (Lebesgue measure) prior over quantum channels. The kernel's dimensional factor, however, dictates the required observation precision. While manageable when the channel and observable are restricted to small subsystems, exponential suppression precludes learning when the subsystem grows extensively with the system size. Since the Lebesgue prior is overly broad for many applications, we propose an empirical Bayes heuristic that replaces the dimensional factor with a learnable scale parameter while retaining the kernel's state-overlap correlation structure. In numerical simulations of up to 64 qubits, channel QGP regression with the Lebesgue kernel exhibits a strong inductive bias for local channels, enabling faithful extrapolation. For global 64-qubit channels, the rescaled kernel restores learnability, with predictions improving systematically with the shot budget. Results from a noisy quantum computer further demonstrate the robustness of QGP regression under experimental conditions. Beyond regression, we validate QGPs as Bayesian-optimization surrogates for state preparation under noisy XXZ dynamics. Comments: Subjects: Quantum Physics (quant-ph); Machine Learning (cs.LG); Machine Learning (stat.ML) Cite as: arXiv:2608.19306 [quant-ph] (or arXiv:2608.19306v1 [quant-ph] for this version) https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2608.19306 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite Submission history From: Jonas Jäger [view email] [v1] Wed, 19 Aug 2026 18:00:00 UTC (965 KB) Full-text links: Access Paper: View a PDF of the paper titled Quantum Gaussian processes for prediction of channel observations, by Jonas J\"ager and 6 other authorsView PDFHTML (experimental)TeX Source view license Current browse context: quant-ph new | recent | 2026-08 Change to browse by: cs cs.LG stat stat.ML References & Citations INSPIRE HEP NASA ADSGoogle Scholar Semantic Scholar export BibTeX citation Loading... BibTeX formatted citation × loading... Data provided by: Bookmark Bibliographic Tools Bibliographic and Citation Tools Bibliographic Explorer Toggle Bibliographic Explorer (What is the Explorer?) Connected Papers Toggle Connected Papers (What is Connected Papers?) Litmaps Toggle Litmaps (What is Litmaps?) scite.ai Toggle scite Smart Citations (What are Smart Citations?) Code, Data, Media Code, Data and Media Associated with this Article alphaXiv Toggle alphaXiv (What is alphaXiv?) Links to Code Toggle CatalyzeX Code Finder for Papers (What is CatalyzeX?) DagsHub Toggle DagsHub (What is DagsHub?) GotitPub Toggle Gotit.pub (What is GotitPub?) Huggingface Toggle Hugging Face (What is Huggingface?) ScienceCast Toggle ScienceCast (What is ScienceCast?) Demos Demos Replicate Toggle Replicate (What is Replicate?) Spaces Toggle Hugging Face Spaces (What is Spaces?) Spaces Toggle TXYZ.AI (What is TXYZ.AI?) Related Papers Recommenders and Search Tools Link to Influence Flower Influence Flower (What are Influence Flowers?) Core recommender toggle CORE Recommender (What is CORE?) Author Venue Institution Topic About arXivLabs arXivLabs: experimental projects with community collaborators arXivLabs is a framework that allows collaborators to develop and share new arXiv features directly on our website. Both individuals and organizations that work with arXivLabs have embraced and accepted our values of openness, community, excellence, and user data privacy. arXiv is committed to these values and only works with partners that adhere to them. Have an idea for a project that will add value for arXiv's community? Learn more about arXivLabs. Which authors of this paper are endorsers? | Disable MathJax (What is MathJax?)