Helium-3 Atoms Could Speed Up Quantum Computing by 3x Image: (Photo by Elaina Eichorn) · pme.uchicago.edu University of Chicago researchers are pursuing a new quantum computer design that uses the unique properties of helium-3, an isotope distinct from the helium used in MRI machines and balloons. The team, led by Assoc. Jacob Covey, reports that using helium, the lightest atom that can be laser-cooled and controlled, could achieve quantum tunneling rates three times faster than those possible with lithium. “Helium is even lighter than lithium, so that provides quantum tunneling rates about three times faster, at least,” said co-first author Zheyuan Li, a PhD student in Covey’s lab. Peers in the scientific community have praised the innovation. “By using the lightest trappable atom, this work turns low mass into a real advantage—faster tunneling, faster transport, and controllable motional qubits,” said Princeton University Physics Prof. Waseem Bakr, who was not involved in the research. The next step involves collaborating with UChicago Physics Asst. Zoe Yan to trap and control individual helium-3 atoms within the next one to two years. Laser-Trapped Helium Enables Faster Quantum Tunneling Helium’s well-resolved energy structure simplifies laser cooling compared to lithium atoms, an important step in preparing qubits for computation. This enhanced ease of cooling directly addresses a significant challenge in quantum computer design, allowing for more precise control over atomic states and reducing decoherence. The team’s approach uses helium-3, a specific isotope chosen for its distinct quantum properties, differentiating it from the more common helium-4 used in conventional applications. This speed increase is not merely incremental; it directly impacts processing capabilities, potentially enabling more complex calculations within a given timeframe. While two grams of helium contains a 3 followed by 23 zeroes atoms, the computer requires only tens for operation, ensuring a sustainable resource. According to the publi
