ND-Photonic QRNGs in a Noisy Environment

Quantum Physics arXiv:2608.10053 (quant-ph) [Submitted on 10 Aug 2026] Title:ND-Photonic QRNGs in a Noisy Environment Authors:J. M. Agüero Trejo, Cristian S. Calude, O. C. Stoica View a PDF of the paper titled ND-Photonic QRNGs in a Noisy Environment, by J. M. Ag\"uero Trejo and 2 other authors View PDF HTML (experimental) Abstract:Standard pseudo-random generators have weaknesses that have led to the development of quantum random number generators (QRNGs). However, common QRNG validation methods, whether based on quantum indeterminism or statistical tests, are insufficient to guarantee high-quality randomness. In contrast, a mathematical theory based on the Located Kochen-Specker Theorem proves that 3D QRNGs produce maximally unpredictable outputs without using entanglement, and both theory and experiments have supported their security. The paper focuses on a practical photonic implementation of a 3D QRNG that is easier to deploy than cryogenic superconducting implementations. As any physical implementation is subject to various measurement errors, it is important to study theoretically and experimentally the type and role of errors in 3D QRNGs. In this paper, we will model the photonic 3D QRNG as an open quantum system, constructed as an arrangement of imperfect beam-splitters with a range of losses based on the fidelity of its components, and we will show that under certain conditions, the process remains within the scope of the Kochen-Specker Theorem, which guarantees maximum unpredictability. Subjects: Quantum Physics (quant-ph) Cite as: arXiv:2608.10053 [quant-ph] (or arXiv:2608.10053v1 [quant-ph] for this version) https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2608.10053 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration) Submission history From: Ovidiu Cristinel Stoica [view email] [v1] Mon, 10 Aug 2026 17:25:37 UTC (138 KB) Full-text links: Access Paper: View a PDF of the paper titled ND-Photonic QRNGs in a Noisy Environment, by J. M. Ag\"uero Trejo and 2 other authorsView PDFHTML (experimental)TeX Source view license Current browse context: quant-ph new | recent | 2026-08 References & Citations INSPIRE HEP NASA ADSGoogle Scholar Semantic Scholar export BibTeX citation Loading... BibTeX formatted citation × loading... Data provided by: Bookmark Bibliographic Tools Bibliographic and Citation Tools Bibliographic Explorer Toggle Bibliographic Explorer (What is the Explorer?) Connected Papers Toggle Connected Papers (What is Connected Papers?) Litmaps Toggle Litmaps (What is Litmaps?) scite.ai Toggle scite Smart Citations (What are Smart Citations?) Code, Data, Media Code, Data and Media Associated with this Article alphaXiv Toggle alphaXiv (What is alphaXiv?) Links to Code Toggle CatalyzeX Code Finder for Papers (What is CatalyzeX?) DagsHub Toggle DagsHub (What is DagsHub?) GotitPub Toggle Gotit.pub (What is GotitPub?) Huggingface Toggle Hugging Face (What is Huggingface?) ScienceCast Toggle ScienceCast (What is ScienceCast?) Demos Demos Replicate Toggle Replicate (What is Replicate?) Spaces Toggle Hugging Face Spaces (What is Spaces?) Spaces Toggle TXYZ.AI (What is TXYZ.AI?) Related Papers Recommenders and Search Tools Link to Influence Flower Influence Flower (What are Influence Flowers?) Core recommender toggle CORE Recommender (What is CORE?) Author Venue Institution Topic About arXivLabs arXivLabs: experimental projects with community collaborators arXivLabs is a framework that allows collaborators to develop and share new arXiv features directly on our website. Both individuals and organizations that work with arXivLabs have embraced and accepted our values of openness, community, excellence, and user data privacy. arXiv is committed to these values and only works with partners that adhere to them. Have an idea for a project that will add value for arXiv's community? Learn more about arXivLabs. Which authors of this paper are endorsers? | Disable MathJax (What is MathJax?)