Direct Observation of Dipolar-Driven Anisotropic Quantum Projection Noise in a Solid-State Spin Ensemble

Quantum Physics arXiv:2609.16106 (quant-ph) [Submitted on 14 Sep 2026] Title:Direct Observation of Dipolar-Driven Anisotropic Quantum Projection Noise in a Solid-State Spin Ensemble Authors:Tasuku Ono, Weijie Wu, Haopu Yang, Lillian B. Hughes Wyatt, Benjamin Brenner, Che Liu, Collin Fan, Chris R. Laumann, Jonathan N. Hallén, Emily J. Davis, Ania C. Bleszynski Jayich, Norman Y. Yao View a PDF of the paper titled Direct Observation of Dipolar-Driven Anisotropic Quantum Projection Noise in a Solid-State Spin Ensemble, by Tasuku Ono and 10 other authors View PDF HTML (experimental) Abstract:The nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond is a prominent quantum-sensing platform. Combining readout at the quantum projection noise limit with strong dipolar interactions promises substantial gains in sensitivity. However, experimentally accessing this regime has remained a longstanding challenge. In this work, we demonstrate quantum-projection-noise-resolved readout of a strongly-interacting, two-dimensional ensemble of NV centers. Our approach leverages repetitive readout via the NV's intrinsic $^{15}$N nuclear memory at a moderate magnetic field ($\sim 0.3$ T), improving the readout fidelities by nearly an order of magnitude. This enables us to directly resolve the quantum projection noise of a coherent spin state and to watch the ensemble's intrinsic dipolar interactions shear this noise into an anisotropic profile. Our results open the door to direct measurements of spin squeezing and entanglement-enhanced sensing in the solid state. Subjects: Quantum Physics (quant-ph); Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn); Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall); Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech) Cite as: arXiv:2609.16106 [quant-ph] (or arXiv:2609.16106v1 [quant-ph] for this version) https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2609.16106 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite Submission history From: Tasuku Ono [view email] [v1] Mon, 14 Sep 2026 18:00:00 UTC (2,680 KB) Full-text links: Access Paper: View a PDF of the paper titled Direct Observation of Dipolar-Driven Anisotropic Quantum Projection Noise in a Solid-State Spin Ensemble, by Tasuku Ono and 10 other authorsView PDFHTML (experimental)TeX Source view license Current browse context: quant-ph new | recent | 2026-09 Change to browse by: cond-mat cond-mat.dis-nn cond-mat.mes-hall cond-mat.stat-mech References & Citations INSPIRE HEP NASA ADSGoogle Scholar Semantic Scholar export BibTeX citation Loading... BibTeX formatted citation × loading... Data provided by: Bookmark Bibliographic Tools Bibliographic and Citation Tools Bibliographic Explorer Toggle Bibliographic Explorer (What is the Explorer?) Connected Papers Toggle Connected Papers (What is Connected Papers?) Litmaps Toggle Litmaps (What is Litmaps?) scite.ai Toggle scite Smart Citations (What are Smart Citations?) Code, Data, Media Code, Data and Media Associated with this Article alphaXiv Toggle alphaXiv (What is alphaXiv?) Links to Code Toggle CatalyzeX Code Finder for Papers (What is CatalyzeX?) DagsHub Toggle DagsHub (What is DagsHub?) GotitPub Toggle Gotit.pub (What is GotitPub?) Huggingface Toggle Hugging Face (What is Huggingface?) ScienceCast Toggle ScienceCast (What is ScienceCast?) Demos Demos Replicate Toggle Replicate (What is Replicate?) Spaces Toggle Hugging Face Spaces (What is Spaces?) Spaces Toggle TXYZ.AI (What is TXYZ.AI?) Related Papers Recommenders and Search Tools Link to Influence Flower Influence Flower (What are Influence Flowers?) Core recommender toggle CORE Recommender (What is CORE?) Author Venue Institution Topic About arXivLabs arXivLabs: experimental projects with community collaborators arXivLabs is a framework that allows collaborators to develop and share new arXiv features directly on our website. Both individuals and organizations that work with arXivLabs have embraced and accepted our values of openness, community, excellence, and user data privacy. arXiv is committed to these values and only works with partners that adhere to them. Have an idea for a project that will add value for arXiv's community? Learn more about arXivLabs. Which authors of this paper are endorsers? | Disable MathJax (What is MathJax?)