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Large deviations in Coulomb gases: A mathematical perspective, by Mylène Maïda, Antony Fahmy, Jan-Luka Fatras, Yilin Ye

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Mathematicians presented new research on large deviations in Coulomb gases and random matrix ensembles during a 2024 Les Houches summer school, published in March 2026. The work focuses on rare fluctuations in particle distributions and extreme eigenvalues. The study examines two key deviations: the empirical measure of particle systems and the behavior of the rightmost particle, analogous to the largest eigenvalue in random matrices. These results bridge statistical physics and probability theory. Authors Mylène Maïda and collaborators derived rigorous mathematical frameworks for Coulomb gases, systems where charged particles interact via repulsive forces. Their findings apply to disordered systems and integrable models. The research builds on Gibbs ensemble theory, offering precise characterizations of atypical configurations in many-body systems. This advances understanding of phase transitions and critical phenomena in complex systems. Funded by French research agencies, the work connects theoretical physics with applied mathematics, potentially impacting quantum chaos studies and error correction in quantum computing.
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SciPost Physics Lecture Notes Home Authoring Refereeing Submit a manuscript About Large deviations in Coulomb gases: A mathematical perspective Mylène Maïda, Antony Fahmy, Jan-Luka Fatras, Yilin Ye SciPost Phys. Lect. Notes 120 (2026) · published 30 March 2026 Part of the 2024-07: Theory of Large Deviations and Applications Collection in the Les Houches Summer School Lecture Notes Series. doi: 10.21468/SciPostPhysLectNotes.120 pdf BiBTeX RIS Submissions/Reports Abstract These notes account for five ninety-minute lectures given by Mylène Maïda as part of the 2024 Summer School in Les Houches. This 4-week program was entitled Large deviations and applications. The goal of these lectures is to present a series of mathematical results about large deviations of the particles of a Coulomb gas or related systems, such as the eigenvalues of some random matrix ensembles. It encompasses the deviations of the empirical measure and those of the rightmost particle (corresponding to the largest eigenvalue). × TY - JOURPB - SciPost FoundationDO - 10.21468/SciPostPhysLectNotes.120TI - Large deviations in Coulomb gases: A mathematical perspectivePY - 2026/03/30UR - https://scipost.org/SciPostPhysLectNotes.120JF - SciPost Physics Lecture NotesJA - SciPost Phys. Lect. NotesSP - 120A1 - Maïda, MylèneAU - Fahmy, AntonyAU - Fatras, Jan-LukaAU - Ye, YilinAB - These notes account for five ninety-minute lectures given by Mylène Maïda as part of the 2024 Summer School in Les Houches. This 4-week program was entitled Large deviations and applications. The goal of these lectures is to present a series of mathematical results about large deviations of the particles of a Coulomb gas or related systems, such as the eigenvalues of some random matrix ensembles. It encompasses the deviations of the empirical measure and those of the rightmost particle (corresponding to the largest eigenvalue).ER - × @Article{10.21468/SciPostPhysLectNotes.120, title={{Large deviations in Coulomb gases: A mathematical perspective}}, author={Mylène Maïda and Antony Fahmy and Jan-Luka Fatras and Yilin Ye}, journal={SciPost Phys. Lect. Notes}, pages={120}, year={2026}, publisher={SciPost}, doi={10.21468/SciPostPhysLectNotes.120}, url={https://scipost.org/10.21468/SciPostPhysLectNotes.120},} Ontology / Topics See full Ontology or Topics database. Coulomb gas formalism Disordered systems Free fermions Gibbs ensembles Integrability/integrable models Authors / Affiliations: mappings to Contributors and Organizations See all Organizations. 1 2 Mylène Maïda, 3 Antony Fahmy, 4 Jan-Luka Fatras, 5 6 7 Yilin Ye 1 Université de Lille / University of Lille [UDL] 2 Institut national de recherche en informatique et en automatique / French Institute for Research in Computer Science and Automation [INRIA] 3 The Ohio State University [OSU] 4 Université de Toulouse / University of Toulouse 5 Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de la Matière Condensée / Laboratory of Theoretical Physics of Condensed Matter [LPTMC] 6 Institut Polytechnique de Paris / Institut Polytechnique de Paris 7 École Polytechnique Funders for the research work leading to this publication Agence Nationale de la Recherche [ANR] Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique / French National Centre for Scientific Research [CNRS] Université de Lille / University of Lille [UDL]

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