A super-conducting diode with ultimate efficiency and noise resilience at 77 K

Subjects Superconducting devicesSuperconducting properties and materials An electrical method is shown to reliably introduce nonreciprocal behaviour across a Josephson junction made of high-temperature cuprate superconductors, which then, under microwave irradiation, forms a ‘quantum superconducting diode’. The device is magnetic-field-free, works at a temperature of 77 K with a diode efficiency of 100%, and, owing to Shapiro steps that quantize the output voltage, has robust noise-filtering. Access through your institution Buy or subscribe This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution Access options Access through your institution Access Nature and 54 other Nature Portfolio journals Get Nature+, our best-value online-access subscription $32.99 / 30 days cancel any time Learn more Subscribe to this journal Receive 12 print issues and online access $259.00 per year only $21.58 per issue Learn more Buy this articlePurchase on SpringerLinkInstant access to the full article PDF.USD 39.95Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout Fig. 1: Superconducting diode and quantum superconducting diode. ReferencesNadeem, M., Fuhrer, M. S. & Wang, X. The superconducting diode effect. Nat. Rev. Phys. 5, 558–577 (2023). A review article that presents the superconducting diode effect, covering experimental and theoretical developments.Article Google Scholar Hu, J., Wu, C. & Dai, X. Proposed design of a Josephson diode. Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 067004 (2007). This paper makes the theoretical proposal of using high-temperature superconductors to realize the diode effect.Article ADS Google Scholar Zhu, Y. et al. Persistent Josephson tunneling between Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x flakes twisted by 45° across the superconducting dome. Phys. Rev. B 108, 174508 (2023). This paper presents our group’s discovery of the diode effect in two high-temperature cuprate Josephson junctions at 0° and 45° twist angles.Zhao, S. Y. F. et al. Time-reversal symmetry breaking superconductivity between twisted cuprate superconductors. Science 382, 1422–1427 (2023). This paper presents the diode effect in high-temperature cuprate Josephson junctions and attributes the effect to time-reversal-symmetry-breaking superconductivity.Article ADS Google Scholar Ghosh, S. et al. High-temperature Josephson diode. Nat. Mater. 23, 612–618 (2024). This paper presents the diode effect in high-temperature cuprate Josephson junctions and attributes it to vortex-induced mechanisms.Article ADS Google Scholar Download referencesAdditional informationPublisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.This is a summary of: Wang, H. et al. Quantum superconducting diode effect with perfect efficiency above liquid-nitrogen temperature. Nat. Phys. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-025-03098-y (2025).Rights and permissionsReprints and permissionsAbout this articleCite this article A super-conducting diode with ultimate efficiency and noise resilience at 77 K. Nat. Phys. (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-025-03118-xDownload citationPublished: 11 December 2025Version of record: 11 December 2025DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-025-03118-xShare this articleAnyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:Get shareable linkSorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.Copy shareable link to clipboard Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative Quantum superconducting diode effect with perfect efficiency above liquid-nitrogen temperature Heng WangYuying ZhuDing Zhang Nature Physics Article 28 Nov 2025