Optical spectroscopy of single- and two-ion transitions in an antiferromagnetic stoichiometric rare-earth crystal

Quantum Physics arXiv:2511.07747 (quant-ph) [Submitted on 11 Nov 2025] Title:Optical spectroscopy of single- and two-ion transitions in an antiferromagnetic stoichiometric rare-earth crystal Authors:Masaya Hiraishi, Gabrielle A. Hunter-Smith, Gavin G. G. King, Alexandra A. Turrini, J.-R. Soh, Henrik M. Rønnow, Luke S. Trainor, Jevon J. Longdell View a PDF of the paper titled Optical spectroscopy of single- and two-ion transitions in an antiferromagnetic stoichiometric rare-earth crystal, by Masaya Hiraishi and 7 other authors View PDF HTML (experimental) Abstract:We characterise optical transitions of neodymium ions (Nd3+) in antiferromagnetic neodymium gallate (NdGaO3) with applied fields up to 3 T. The magnetic phase of this material has not previously been studied with the field along its magnetisation axis. The measured optical spectra indicate three magnetic phases -- antiferromagnetic, intermediate, and paramagnetic -- where the intermediate phase likely forms a different magnetic structure from typical spin-flop phases. The observed absorptions were classified into two distinct families of optical transitions: single-Nd and two-Nd absorptions. We demonstrate that the optical transitions in the antiferromagnetic and paramagnetic phases can be modelled using a standard single-ion crystal-field Hamiltonian that interacts with a mean magnetisation from the rest of the lattice, and we expand that model to encompass pairs of ions, explaining the origins of the two-Nd transitions. This study offers a deeper understanding of the optical transitions in rare-earth antiferromagnetic crystals, which have been recently attracting significant interest for microwave-to-optical quantum transduction, despite being relatively unexplored to date. Comments: Subjects: Quantum Physics (quant-ph) Cite as: arXiv:2511.07747 [quant-ph] (or arXiv:2511.07747v1 [quant-ph] for this version) https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2511.07747 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite Submission history From: Luke S. Trainor [view email] [v1] Tue, 11 Nov 2025 01:58:05 UTC (3,170 KB) Full-text links: Access Paper: View a PDF of the paper titled Optical spectroscopy of single- and two-ion transitions in an antiferromagnetic stoichiometric rare-earth crystal, by Masaya Hiraishi and 7 other authorsView PDFHTML (experimental)TeX Source view license Current browse context: quant-ph new | recent | 2025-11 References & Citations INSPIRE HEP NASA ADSGoogle Scholar Semantic Scholar export BibTeX citation Loading... BibTeX formatted citation × loading... Data provided by: Bookmark Bibliographic Tools Bibliographic and Citation Tools Bibliographic Explorer Toggle Bibliographic Explorer (What is the Explorer?) Connected Papers Toggle Connected Papers (What is Connected Papers?) Litmaps Toggle Litmaps (What is Litmaps?) scite.ai Toggle scite Smart Citations (What are Smart Citations?) Code, Data, Media Code, Data and Media Associated with this Article alphaXiv Toggle alphaXiv (What is alphaXiv?) Links to Code Toggle CatalyzeX Code Finder for Papers (What is CatalyzeX?) DagsHub Toggle DagsHub (What is DagsHub?) GotitPub Toggle Gotit.pub (What is GotitPub?) Huggingface Toggle Hugging Face (What is Huggingface?) Links to Code Toggle Papers with Code (What is Papers with Code?) ScienceCast Toggle ScienceCast (What is ScienceCast?) Demos Demos Replicate Toggle Replicate (What is Replicate?) Spaces Toggle Hugging Face Spaces (What is Spaces?) Spaces Toggle TXYZ.AI (What is TXYZ.AI?) Related Papers Recommenders and Search Tools Link to Influence Flower Influence Flower (What are Influence Flowers?) Core recommender toggle CORE Recommender (What is CORE?) Author Venue Institution Topic About arXivLabs arXivLabs: experimental projects with community collaborators arXivLabs is a framework that allows collaborators to develop and share new arXiv features directly on our website. Both individuals and organizations that work with arXivLabs have embraced and accepted our values of openness, community, excellence, and user data privacy. arXiv is committed to these values and only works with partners that adhere to them. Have an idea for a project that will add value for arXiv's community? Learn more about arXivLabs. Which authors of this paper are endorsers? | Disable MathJax (What is MathJax?)