Minimal noise in non-quantized gravity

Quantum Physics arXiv:2603.26075 (quant-ph) [Submitted on 27 Mar 2026] Title:Minimal noise in non-quantized gravity Authors:Giuseppe Fabiano, Tomohiro Fujita, Akira Matsumura, Daniel Carney View a PDF of the paper titled Minimal noise in non-quantized gravity, by Giuseppe Fabiano and 2 other authors View PDF HTML (experimental) Abstract:An elementary prediction of the quantization of the gravitational field is that the Newtonian interaction can entangle pairs of massive objects. Conversely, in models of gravity in which the field is not quantized, the gravitational interaction necessarily comes with some level of noise, i.e., non-reversibility. Here, we give a systematic classification of all possible such models consistent with the basic requirements that the non-relativistic limit is Galilean invariant and reproduces the Newtonian interaction on average. We demonstrate that for any such model to be non-entangling, a quantifiable, minimal amount of noise must be injected into any experimental system. Thus, measuring gravitating systems at noise levels below this threshold would be equivalent to demonstrating that Newtonian gravity is entangling. As concrete examples, we analyze our general predictions in a number of experimental setups, and test it on the classical-quantum gravity models of Oppenheim et al., as well as on a recent model of Newtonian gravity as an entropic force. Comments: Subjects: Quantum Physics (quant-ph); General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc); High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th) Cite as: arXiv:2603.26075 [quant-ph] (or arXiv:2603.26075v1 [quant-ph] for this version) https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2603.26075 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration) Submission history From: Giuseppe Fabiano [view email] [v1] Fri, 27 Mar 2026 05:06:51 UTC (446 KB) Full-text links: Access Paper: View a PDF of the paper titled Minimal noise in non-quantized gravity, by Giuseppe Fabiano and 2 other authorsView PDFHTML (experimental)TeX Source view license Current browse context: quant-ph new | recent | 2026-03 Change to browse by: gr-qc hep-th References & Citations INSPIRE HEP NASA ADSGoogle Scholar Semantic Scholar export BibTeX citation Loading... BibTeX formatted citation × loading... Data provided by: Bookmark Bibliographic Tools Bibliographic and Citation Tools Bibliographic Explorer Toggle Bibliographic Explorer (What is the Explorer?) Connected Papers Toggle Connected Papers (What is Connected Papers?) Litmaps Toggle Litmaps (What is Litmaps?) scite.ai Toggle scite Smart Citations (What are Smart Citations?) Code, Data, Media Code, Data and Media Associated with this Article alphaXiv Toggle alphaXiv (What is alphaXiv?) Links to Code Toggle CatalyzeX Code Finder for Papers (What is CatalyzeX?) DagsHub Toggle DagsHub (What is DagsHub?) GotitPub Toggle Gotit.pub (What is GotitPub?) Huggingface Toggle Hugging Face (What is Huggingface?) Links to Code Toggle Papers with Code (What is Papers with Code?) ScienceCast Toggle ScienceCast (What is ScienceCast?) Demos Demos Replicate Toggle Replicate (What is Replicate?) Spaces Toggle Hugging Face Spaces (What is Spaces?) Spaces Toggle TXYZ.AI (What is TXYZ.AI?) Related Papers Recommenders and Search Tools Link to Influence Flower Influence Flower (What are Influence Flowers?) Core recommender toggle CORE Recommender (What is CORE?) Author Venue Institution Topic About arXivLabs arXivLabs: experimental projects with community collaborators arXivLabs is a framework that allows collaborators to develop and share new arXiv features directly on our website. Both individuals and organizations that work with arXivLabs have embraced and accepted our values of openness, community, excellence, and user data privacy. arXiv is committed to these values and only works with partners that adhere to them. Have an idea for a project that will add value for arXiv's community? Learn more about arXivLabs. Which authors of this paper are endorsers? | Disable MathJax (What is MathJax?)