A General Framework for Constructing Local Hidden-state Models to Determine the Steerability

Quantum Physics arXiv:2512.21848 (quant-ph) [Submitted on 26 Dec 2025] Title:A General Framework for Constructing Local Hidden-state Models to Determine the Steerability Authors:Yanning Jia, Fenzhuo Guo, Mengyan Li, Haifeng Dong, Fei Gao View a PDF of the paper titled A General Framework for Constructing Local Hidden-state Models to Determine the Steerability, by Yanning Jia and 4 other authors View PDF HTML (experimental) Abstract:Not all entangled states can exhibit quantum steering, and determining whether a given entangled state is steerable is a crucial problem in quantum information theory. The main challenge lies in verifying the existence of a local hidden-state (LHS) model capable of reproducing all post-measurement assemblages generated by arbitrary measurements. To address this, we propose a machine learning-based framework that employs batch sampling of measurements and gradient-based optimization to construct an optimal LHS model. We validate our method by analyzing the steerability of two-qubit Werner and two-qutrit isotropic states. For Werner states, our approach saturates the analytical visibility bounds under three Pauli measurements, arbitrary projective measurements (PVMs), and arbitrary positive operator-valued measurements (POVMs). For isotropic states, we achieve the known analytical bounds under arbitrary PVMs. We further investigate the steerability of this class of states under arbitrary POVMs, and our results suggest that POVMs can offer an advantage over PVMs in revealing the steerability of such states. Subjects: Quantum Physics (quant-ph) Cite as: arXiv:2512.21848 [quant-ph] (or arXiv:2512.21848v1 [quant-ph] for this version) https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2512.21848 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration) Submission history From: Yanning Jia [view email] [v1] Fri, 26 Dec 2025 03:50:28 UTC (1,058 KB) Full-text links: Access Paper: View a PDF of the paper titled A General Framework for Constructing Local Hidden-state Models to Determine the Steerability, by Yanning Jia and 4 other authorsView PDFHTML (experimental)TeX Source view license Current browse context: quant-ph new | recent | 2025-12 References & Citations INSPIRE HEP NASA ADSGoogle Scholar Semantic Scholar export BibTeX citation Loading... BibTeX formatted citation × loading... Data provided by: Bookmark Bibliographic Tools Bibliographic and Citation Tools Bibliographic Explorer Toggle Bibliographic Explorer (What is the Explorer?) Connected Papers Toggle Connected Papers (What is Connected Papers?) Litmaps Toggle Litmaps (What is Litmaps?) scite.ai Toggle scite Smart Citations (What are Smart Citations?) Code, Data, Media Code, Data and Media Associated with this Article alphaXiv Toggle alphaXiv (What is alphaXiv?) Links to Code Toggle CatalyzeX Code Finder for Papers (What is CatalyzeX?) DagsHub Toggle DagsHub (What is DagsHub?) GotitPub Toggle Gotit.pub (What is GotitPub?) Huggingface Toggle Hugging Face (What is Huggingface?) Links to Code Toggle Papers with Code (What is Papers with Code?) ScienceCast Toggle ScienceCast (What is ScienceCast?) Demos Demos Replicate Toggle Replicate (What is Replicate?) Spaces Toggle Hugging Face Spaces (What is Spaces?) Spaces Toggle TXYZ.AI (What is TXYZ.AI?) Related Papers Recommenders and Search Tools Link to Influence Flower Influence Flower (What are Influence Flowers?) Core recommender toggle CORE Recommender (What is CORE?) Author Venue Institution Topic About arXivLabs arXivLabs: experimental projects with community collaborators arXivLabs is a framework that allows collaborators to develop and share new arXiv features directly on our website. Both individuals and organizations that work with arXivLabs have embraced and accepted our values of openness, community, excellence, and user data privacy. arXiv is committed to these values and only works with partners that adhere to them. Have an idea for a project that will add value for arXiv's community? Learn more about arXivLabs. Which authors of this paper are endorsers? | Disable MathJax (What is MathJax?)