Microwave Power-to-Frequency Transduction via Injection Pulling of a Self-Sustained Oscillator for Rydberg Superheterodyne Sensing
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Quantum Physics arXiv:2605.08535 (quant-ph) [Submitted on 8 May 2026] Title:Microwave Power-to-Frequency Transduction via Injection Pulling of a Self-Sustained Oscillator for Rydberg Superheterodyne Sensing Authors:Darmindra Arumugam View a PDF of the paper titled Microwave Power-to-Frequency Transduction via Injection Pulling of a Self-Sustained Oscillator for Rydberg Superheterodyne Sensing, by Darmindra Arumugam View PDF Abstract:A Rydberg superheterodyne sensing architecture is demonstrated in which a self-sustained oscillator (SSO) serves as a dynamically perturbed local oscillator (LO) for microwave detection. The SSO is realized by a phase-controlled radio-frequency (RF) feedback loop coupled to a transverse electromagnetic (TEM) cavity containing a Rydberg vapor cell. The system operates near 5.49 GHz using a cesium ladder scheme with an 852 nm probe and 510 nm coupling laser addressing the 6S to 6P to 49D transition, with microwave coupling to the 50P state. Injection of a microwave signal pulls the SSO frequency via nonlinear dynamics, converting input power into a measurable frequency shift read out optically as a Rydberg probe intermediate-frequency (IF) signal. The response follows Adler-type injection-pulling behavior, with continuous IF tuning with input power. A peak responsivity of 35 kHz/dB is observed, with enhanced sensitivity near synchronization. These results demonstrate power-to-frequency transduction using a dynamically perturbed LO combined with Rydberg atomic readout. Subjects: Quantum Physics (quant-ph) Cite as: arXiv:2605.08535 [quant-ph] (or arXiv:2605.08535v1 [quant-ph] for this version) https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2605.08535 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration) Submission history From: Darmindra Arumugam [view email] [v1] Fri, 8 May 2026 22:43:05 UTC (789 KB) Full-text links: Access Paper: View a PDF of the paper titled Microwave Power-to-Frequency Transduction via Injection Pulling of a Self-Sustained Oscillator for Rydberg Superheterodyne Sensing, by Darmindra ArumugamView PDF view license Current browse context: quant-ph new | recent | 2026-05 References & Citations INSPIRE HEP NASA ADSGoogle Scholar Semantic Scholar export BibTeX citation Loading... BibTeX formatted citation × loading... Data provided by: Bookmark Bibliographic Tools Bibliographic and Citation Tools Bibliographic Explorer Toggle Bibliographic Explorer (What is the Explorer?) Connected Papers Toggle Connected Papers (What is Connected Papers?) Litmaps Toggle Litmaps (What is Litmaps?) scite.ai Toggle scite Smart Citations (What are Smart Citations?) Code, Data, Media Code, Data and Media Associated with this Article alphaXiv Toggle alphaXiv (What is alphaXiv?) Links to Code Toggle CatalyzeX Code Finder for Papers (What is CatalyzeX?) DagsHub Toggle DagsHub (What is DagsHub?) GotitPub Toggle Gotit.pub (What is GotitPub?) Huggingface Toggle Hugging Face (What is Huggingface?) ScienceCast Toggle ScienceCast (What is ScienceCast?) Demos Demos Replicate Toggle Replicate (What is Replicate?) Spaces Toggle Hugging Face Spaces (What is Spaces?) Spaces Toggle TXYZ.AI (What is TXYZ.AI?) Related Papers Recommenders and Search Tools Link to Influence Flower Influence Flower (What are Influence Flowers?) Core recommender toggle CORE Recommender (What is CORE?) Author Venue Institution Topic About arXivLabs arXivLabs: experimental projects with community collaborators arXivLabs is a framework that allows collaborators to develop and share new arXiv features directly on our website. Both individuals and organizations that work with arXivLabs have embraced and accepted our values of openness, community, excellence, and user data privacy. arXiv is committed to these values and only works with partners that adhere to them. Have an idea for a project that will add value for arXiv's community? Learn more about arXivLabs. Which authors of this paper are endorsers? | Disable MathJax (What is MathJax?)