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Warring Contextualities - Provably Classical vs Provably Nonclassical

arXiv Quantum Physics
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⚡ Quantum Brief
Authors Enrico Bozzetto and Jonte Hance bridge two competing definitions of quantum contextuality—Kochen-Specker’s and Spekkens’—in a new April 2026 study, addressing a long-standing divide in quantum foundations research. The paper argues Kochen-Specker contextuality serves as a broader indicator of fundamental nonclassicality, while Spekkens’ framework generalizes classical behavior, offering a unified hierarchy to classify systems. Researchers rarely compare these approaches, despite their foundational roles in quantum theory, creating gaps in understanding how contextuality manifests across classical and quantum regimes. By framing the two definitions as complementary stages in a "classicality spectrum," the work provides a tool to assess whether a system leans provably classical or nonclassical under different conditions. This reconciliation could refine quantum information protocols, quantum computing error models, and philosophical interpretations of quantum-classical boundaries.
Warring Contextualities - Provably Classical vs Provably Nonclassical

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Quantum Physics arXiv:2604.14319 (quant-ph) [Submitted on 15 Apr 2026] Title:Warring Contextualities - Provably Classical vs Provably Nonclassical Authors:Enrico Bozzetto, Jonte R. Hance View a PDF of the paper titled Warring Contextualities - Provably Classical vs Provably Nonclassical, by Enrico Bozzetto and Jonte R. Hance View PDF HTML (experimental) Abstract:In the literature, there are two differing definitions of contextuality: Kochen and Specker's, and Spekkens' (or ``generalised''). However, researchers using one of these definitions rarely consider the other, meaning comparative analysis of these two notions is rare. In this paper, we advance the idea that Kochen-Specker contextuality provides a generalisation of the idea of system being fundamentally nonclassical, while Spekkens' noncontextuality provides a generalisation of the idea of a system being classical. This allows us to reconcile the two approaches, as different stages in a hierarchy of classicality/nonclassicality. Comments: Subjects: Quantum Physics (quant-ph); History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph) Cite as: arXiv:2604.14319 [quant-ph] (or arXiv:2604.14319v1 [quant-ph] for this version) https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2604.14319 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration) Submission history From: Jonte Hance [view email] [v1] Wed, 15 Apr 2026 18:22:06 UTC (588 KB) Full-text links: Access Paper: View a PDF of the paper titled Warring Contextualities - Provably Classical vs Provably Nonclassical, by Enrico Bozzetto and Jonte R. HanceView PDFHTML (experimental)TeX Source view license Current browse context: quant-ph new | recent | 2026-04 Change to browse by: physics physics.hist-ph References & Citations INSPIRE HEP NASA ADSGoogle Scholar Semantic Scholar export BibTeX citation Loading... BibTeX formatted citation × loading... Data provided by: Bookmark Bibliographic Tools Bibliographic and Citation Tools Bibliographic Explorer Toggle Bibliographic Explorer (What is the Explorer?) Connected Papers Toggle Connected Papers (What is Connected Papers?) Litmaps Toggle Litmaps (What is Litmaps?) scite.ai Toggle scite Smart Citations (What are Smart Citations?) Code, Data, Media Code, Data and Media Associated with this Article alphaXiv Toggle alphaXiv (What is alphaXiv?) Links to Code Toggle CatalyzeX Code Finder for Papers (What is CatalyzeX?) DagsHub Toggle DagsHub (What is DagsHub?) GotitPub Toggle Gotit.pub (What is GotitPub?) Huggingface Toggle Hugging Face (What is Huggingface?) ScienceCast Toggle ScienceCast (What is ScienceCast?) Demos Demos Replicate Toggle Replicate (What is Replicate?) Spaces Toggle Hugging Face Spaces (What is Spaces?) Spaces Toggle TXYZ.AI (What is TXYZ.AI?) Related Papers Recommenders and Search Tools Link to Influence Flower Influence Flower (What are Influence Flowers?) Core recommender toggle CORE Recommender (What is CORE?) Author Venue Institution Topic About arXivLabs arXivLabs: experimental projects with community collaborators arXivLabs is a framework that allows collaborators to develop and share new arXiv features directly on our website. Both individuals and organizations that work with arXivLabs have embraced and accepted our values of openness, community, excellence, and user data privacy. arXiv is committed to these values and only works with partners that adhere to them. Have an idea for a project that will add value for arXiv's community? Learn more about arXivLabs. Which authors of this paper are endorsers? | Disable MathJax (What is MathJax?)

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Source: arXiv Quantum Physics