No Tile Left Behind: Multiprogramming for Surface-Code Architectures
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Quantum Physics arXiv:2604.25976 (quant-ph) [Submitted on 28 Apr 2026] Title:No Tile Left Behind: Multiprogramming for Surface-Code Architectures Authors:Archisman Ghosh, Avimita Chatterjee, Swaroop Ghosh View a PDF of the paper titled No Tile Left Behind: Multiprogramming for Surface-Code Architectures, by Archisman Ghosh and 2 other authors View PDF HTML (experimental) Abstract:Fault-tolerant quantum computing (FTQC) is emerging as the architectural regime in which practical large-scale quantum workloads will execute. In this setting, however, multiprogramming is no longer a matter of partitioning a flat pool of qubits. Quantum error correction exposes a structured floorplan of data tiles, ancilla tiles, and magic-state service resources, so concurrent execution must account for compact placement, connectivity, routing headroom, and shared support infrastructure. This makes FTQC multiprogramming fundamentally harder than its NISQ counterpart: admission decisions can fragment the remaining floorplan, conservative reservations can waste ancilla, and dynamic contention across data, ancilla, and magic-state resources can degrade both throughput and quality of service. In this work, we develop a formal framework for FTQC multiprogramming that captures these structural constraints and their runtime implications. We formulate the baseline static allocation problem, extend it to limited-resource and online settings through hierarchy-aware scheduling policies, and further generalize it to cultivation-enabled architectures with dynamic magic-state generation. Through simulation on synthetic Clifford+T workloads, the proposed scheduler achieves a normalized system speedup of 3.1x, improving over prior FTQC multiprogramming baselines by ~29% while maintaining low mean slowdown. Comments: Subjects: Quantum Physics (quant-ph); Hardware Architecture (cs.AR) Cite as: arXiv:2604.25976 [quant-ph] (or arXiv:2604.25976v1 [quant-ph] for this version) https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2604.25976 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration) Submission history From: Archisman Ghosh [view email] [v1] Tue, 28 Apr 2026 13:24:31 UTC (2,188 KB) Full-text links: Access Paper: View a PDF of the paper titled No Tile Left Behind: Multiprogramming for Surface-Code Architectures, by Archisman Ghosh and 2 other authorsView PDFHTML (experimental)TeX Source view license Current browse context: quant-ph new | recent | 2026-04 Change to browse by: cs cs.AR References & Citations INSPIRE HEP NASA ADSGoogle Scholar Semantic Scholar export BibTeX citation Loading... BibTeX formatted citation × loading... Data provided by: Bookmark Bibliographic Tools Bibliographic and Citation Tools Bibliographic Explorer Toggle Bibliographic Explorer (What is the Explorer?) Connected Papers Toggle Connected Papers (What is Connected Papers?) Litmaps Toggle Litmaps (What is Litmaps?) scite.ai Toggle scite Smart Citations (What are Smart Citations?) Code, Data, Media Code, Data and Media Associated with this Article alphaXiv Toggle alphaXiv (What is alphaXiv?) Links to Code Toggle CatalyzeX Code Finder for Papers (What is CatalyzeX?) DagsHub Toggle DagsHub (What is DagsHub?) GotitPub Toggle Gotit.pub (What is GotitPub?) Huggingface Toggle Hugging Face (What is Huggingface?) ScienceCast Toggle ScienceCast (What is ScienceCast?) Demos Demos Replicate Toggle Replicate (What is Replicate?) Spaces Toggle Hugging Face Spaces (What is Spaces?) Spaces Toggle TXYZ.AI (What is TXYZ.AI?) Related Papers Recommenders and Search Tools Link to Influence Flower Influence Flower (What are Influence Flowers?) Core recommender toggle CORE Recommender (What is CORE?) Author Venue Institution Topic About arXivLabs arXivLabs: experimental projects with community collaborators arXivLabs is a framework that allows collaborators to develop and share new arXiv features directly on our website. Both individuals and organizations that work with arXivLabs have embraced and accepted our values of openness, community, excellence, and user data privacy. arXiv is committed to these values and only works with partners that adhere to them. Have an idea for a project that will add value for arXiv's community? Learn more about arXivLabs. Which authors of this paper are endorsers? | Disable MathJax (What is MathJax?)