Quantum Integrated High-Performance Computing: Foundations, Architectural Elements and Future Directions
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Quantum Physics arXiv:2604.19814 (quant-ph) [Submitted on 17 Apr 2026] Title:Quantum Integrated High-Performance Computing: Foundations, Architectural Elements and Future Directions Authors:Suman Raj, Siva Sai, Yogesh Simmhan, Kyle Chard, Rajkumar Buyya View a PDF of the paper titled Quantum Integrated High-Performance Computing: Foundations, Architectural Elements and Future Directions, by Suman Raj and 4 other authors View PDF HTML (experimental) Abstract:High-performance computing (HPC) has evolved over decades through multiple architectural transitions, from vector supercomputers to massively parallel CPU clusters and GPU-accelerated systems, continuously expanding the frontier of scientific discovery. With the emergence of quantum processing units (QPUs) as practical computational accelerators, a new opportunity arises to further extend this trajectory by integrating quantum and classical computing paradigms. This paper presents Quantum Integrated High-Performance Computing (QHPC), a visionary architectural framework that unifies CPUs, GPUs, FPGAs, and QPUs as first-class heterogeneous resources. We propose a layered system design comprising unified resource management, quantum-aware scheduling, hybrid workflow orchestration, middleware and programming abstraction, interconnect technologies, and a tiered execution model enabling seamless workload partitioning across classical and quantum backends. A central aspect of our vision is a strong user requests abstraction layer that exposes heterogeneous resources through a unified job submission interface, similar in spirit to existing schedulers such as Slurm, allowing users to describe workloads in a consistent template independent of underlying compute type or location. Drawing insights from prior accelerator integration eras, we outline how QHPC can support emerging workloads in quantum chemistry, materials discovery, combinatorial optimization, and climate modeling. We conclude by highlighting open challenges in building scalable, reliable, and programmable quantum-classical infrastructures that seamlessly connect global users to heterogeneous compute resources for future quantum-classical HPC ecosystems. Comments: Subjects: Quantum Physics (quant-ph); Emerging Technologies (cs.ET) Cite as: arXiv:2604.19814 [quant-ph] (or arXiv:2604.19814v1 [quant-ph] for this version) https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2604.19814 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration) Submission history From: Suman Raj [view email] [v1] Fri, 17 Apr 2026 04:29:16 UTC (623 KB) Full-text links: Access Paper: View a PDF of the paper titled Quantum Integrated High-Performance Computing: Foundations, Architectural Elements and Future Directions, by Suman Raj and 4 other authorsView PDFHTML (experimental)TeX Source view license Current browse context: quant-ph new | recent | 2026-04 Change to browse by: cs cs.ET References & Citations INSPIRE HEP NASA ADSGoogle Scholar Semantic Scholar export BibTeX citation Loading... BibTeX formatted citation × loading... Data provided by: Bookmark Bibliographic Tools Bibliographic and Citation Tools Bibliographic Explorer Toggle Bibliographic Explorer (What is the Explorer?) Connected Papers Toggle Connected Papers (What is Connected Papers?) Litmaps Toggle Litmaps (What is Litmaps?) scite.ai Toggle scite Smart Citations (What are Smart Citations?) Code, Data, Media Code, Data and Media Associated with this Article alphaXiv Toggle alphaXiv (What is alphaXiv?) Links to Code Toggle CatalyzeX Code Finder for Papers (What is CatalyzeX?) DagsHub Toggle DagsHub (What is DagsHub?) GotitPub Toggle Gotit.pub (What is GotitPub?) Huggingface Toggle Hugging Face (What is Huggingface?) ScienceCast Toggle ScienceCast (What is ScienceCast?) Demos Demos Replicate Toggle Replicate (What is Replicate?) Spaces Toggle Hugging Face Spaces (What is Spaces?) Spaces Toggle TXYZ.AI (What is TXYZ.AI?) Related Papers Recommenders and Search Tools Link to Influence Flower Influence Flower (What are Influence Flowers?) Core recommender toggle CORE Recommender (What is CORE?) Author Venue Institution Topic About arXivLabs arXivLabs: experimental projects with community collaborators arXivLabs is a framework that allows collaborators to develop and share new arXiv features directly on our website. Both individuals and organizations that work with arXivLabs have embraced and accepted our values of openness, community, excellence, and user data privacy. arXiv is committed to these values and only works with partners that adhere to them. Have an idea for a project that will add value for arXiv's community? Learn more about arXivLabs. Which authors of this paper are endorsers? | Disable MathJax (What is MathJax?)