Quantum-HPC Software Stacks and the openQSE Reference Architecture: A Survey
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Quantum Physics arXiv:2604.20912 (quant-ph) [Submitted on 22 Apr 2026] Title:Quantum-HPC Software Stacks and the openQSE Reference Architecture: A Survey Authors:Amir Shehata, Brian Austin, Tom Beck, Lukas Burgholzer, Alex Chernoguzov, Spencer Churchill, Andrea Delgado, Yasuko Eckert, Jeffery Heckey, Kevin Kissell, Katherine Klymko, Josh Moles, Thomas Naughton, Lee James O'Riordan, Christian Ortiz Pauyac, Guen Prawiroatmodjo, Ermal Rrapaj, Jiri Schindler, Laura Schulz, Sebastian Stern, Tyler Takeshita, Miwako Tsuji, Aleksander Wennersteen, Travis Humble, Martin Schulz View a PDF of the paper titled Quantum-HPC Software Stacks and the openQSE Reference Architecture: A Survey, by Amir Shehata and 24 other authors View PDF HTML (experimental) Abstract:Quantum resources are increasingly integrated into high-performance computing (HPC) and cloud environments, but quantum high-performance computing (QHPC) software stacks remain isolated, often proprietary, full-stack solutions lacking common interfaces across runtime, resource management, orchestration, and execution layers. This paper analyzes nine production QHPC stacks and identifies common design patterns and emerging requirements, covering deployment models, application interaction patterns, SDK support, and readiness for fault-tolerant operation. The survey exposes consistent needs in runtime abstraction, resource management, interconnect semantics, and observability. Based on these findings, we propose the open quantum-HPC software ecosystem ( openQSE) reference architecture as a first step toward unifying the state-of-the-practice. openQSE defines a set of layer boundaries that allow different implementations to interoperate while preserving deployment flexibility, and is structured to support both current noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) workloads and future fault-tolerant quantum computing (FTQC) systems without changes to upper-layer application interfaces. Comments: Subjects: Quantum Physics (quant-ph); Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC); Emerging Technologies (cs.ET); Software Engineering (cs.SE) Cite as: arXiv:2604.20912 [quant-ph] (or arXiv:2604.20912v1 [quant-ph] for this version) https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2604.20912 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration) Submission history From: Amir Shehata [view email] [v1] Wed, 22 Apr 2026 01:56:58 UTC (87 KB) Full-text links: Access Paper: View a PDF of the paper titled Quantum-HPC Software Stacks and the openQSE Reference Architecture: A Survey, by Amir Shehata and 24 other authorsView PDFHTML (experimental)TeX Source view license Current browse context: quant-ph new | recent | 2026-04 Change to browse by: cs cs.DC cs.ET cs.SE References & Citations INSPIRE HEP NASA ADSGoogle Scholar Semantic Scholar export BibTeX citation Loading... BibTeX formatted citation × loading... Data provided by: Bookmark Bibliographic Tools Bibliographic and Citation Tools Bibliographic Explorer Toggle Bibliographic Explorer (What is the Explorer?) Connected Papers Toggle Connected Papers (What is Connected Papers?) Litmaps Toggle Litmaps (What is Litmaps?) scite.ai Toggle scite Smart Citations (What are Smart Citations?) Code, Data, Media Code, Data and Media Associated with this Article alphaXiv Toggle alphaXiv (What is alphaXiv?) Links to Code Toggle CatalyzeX Code Finder for Papers (What is CatalyzeX?) DagsHub Toggle DagsHub (What is DagsHub?) GotitPub Toggle Gotit.pub (What is GotitPub?) Huggingface Toggle Hugging Face (What is Huggingface?) ScienceCast Toggle ScienceCast (What is ScienceCast?) Demos Demos Replicate Toggle Replicate (What is Replicate?) Spaces Toggle Hugging Face Spaces (What is Spaces?) Spaces Toggle TXYZ.AI (What is TXYZ.AI?) Related Papers Recommenders and Search Tools Link to Influence Flower Influence Flower (What are Influence Flowers?) Core recommender toggle CORE Recommender (What is CORE?) Author Venue Institution Topic About arXivLabs arXivLabs: experimental projects with community collaborators arXivLabs is a framework that allows collaborators to develop and share new arXiv features directly on our website. Both individuals and organizations that work with arXivLabs have embraced and accepted our values of openness, community, excellence, and user data privacy. arXiv is committed to these values and only works with partners that adhere to them. Have an idea for a project that will add value for arXiv's community? Learn more about arXivLabs. Which authors of this paper are endorsers? | Disable MathJax (What is MathJax?)