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A Perfectly Distributable Quantum-Classical Algorithm for Estimating Triangular Balance in a Signed Edge Stream

arXiv Quantum Physics
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⚡ Quantum Brief
Researchers from three institutions developed a hybrid quantum-classical algorithm that processes signed edge streams to estimate triangular balance in single-pass data, marking a breakthrough in graph analysis. The algorithm uses a quantum sketch register and measurement operators to capture triangle configurations, while a classical estimator handles remaining cases, creating a polynomial space efficiency over purely classical methods. This work extends prior unsigned edge stream results to signed graphs, addressing a key gap in network analysis where edge signs (positive/negative) determine structural balance. Empirical tests on random signed graphs demonstrate the hybrid approach’s superiority in quantifying imbalance compared to classical-only estimators. The study bridges quantum computing and graph theory, offering scalable tools for social network analysis, recommendation systems, and complex network modeling.
A Perfectly Distributable Quantum-Classical Algorithm for Estimating Triangular Balance in a Signed Edge Stream

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Quantum Physics arXiv:2603.16029 (quant-ph) [Submitted on 17 Mar 2026] Title:A Perfectly Distributable Quantum-Classical Algorithm for Estimating Triangular Balance in a Signed Edge Stream Authors:Steven Kordonowy, Bibhas Adhikari, Hannes Leipold View a PDF of the paper titled A Perfectly Distributable Quantum-Classical Algorithm for Estimating Triangular Balance in a Signed Edge Stream, by Steven Kordonowy and 2 other authors View PDF HTML (experimental) Abstract:We develop a perfectly distributable quantum-classical streaming algorithm that processes signed edges to efficiently estimate the counts of triangles of diverse signed configurations in the single pass edge stream. Our approach introduces a quantum sketch register for processing the signed edge stream, together with measurement operators for query-pair calls in the quantum estimator, while a complementary classical estimator accounts for triangles not captured by the quantum procedure. This hybrid design yields a polynomial space advantage over purely classical approaches, extending known results from unsigned edge stream data to the signed setting. We quantify the lack of balance on random signed graph instances, showcasing how the classical and hybrid algorithms estimate balance in practice. Comments: Subjects: Quantum Physics (quant-ph); Computational Complexity (cs.CC) Cite as: arXiv:2603.16029 [quant-ph] (or arXiv:2603.16029v1 [quant-ph] for this version) https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2603.16029 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration) Submission history From: Bibhas Adhikari [view email] [v1] Tue, 17 Mar 2026 00:29:54 UTC (381 KB) Full-text links: Access Paper: View a PDF of the paper titled A Perfectly Distributable Quantum-Classical Algorithm for Estimating Triangular Balance in a Signed Edge Stream, by Steven Kordonowy and 2 other authorsView PDFHTML (experimental)TeX Source view license Current browse context: quant-ph new | recent | 2026-03 Change to browse by: cs cs.CC References & Citations INSPIRE HEP NASA ADSGoogle Scholar Semantic Scholar export BibTeX citation Loading... BibTeX formatted citation × loading... Data provided by: Bookmark Bibliographic Tools Bibliographic and Citation Tools Bibliographic Explorer Toggle Bibliographic Explorer (What is the Explorer?) Connected Papers Toggle Connected Papers (What is Connected Papers?) Litmaps Toggle Litmaps (What is Litmaps?) scite.ai Toggle scite Smart Citations (What are Smart Citations?) Code, Data, Media Code, Data and Media Associated with this Article alphaXiv Toggle alphaXiv (What is alphaXiv?) Links to Code Toggle CatalyzeX Code Finder for Papers (What is CatalyzeX?) DagsHub Toggle DagsHub (What is DagsHub?) GotitPub Toggle Gotit.pub (What is GotitPub?) Huggingface Toggle Hugging Face (What is Huggingface?) Links to Code Toggle Papers with Code (What is Papers with Code?) ScienceCast Toggle ScienceCast (What is ScienceCast?) Demos Demos Replicate Toggle Replicate (What is Replicate?) Spaces Toggle Hugging Face Spaces (What is Spaces?) Spaces Toggle TXYZ.AI (What is TXYZ.AI?) Related Papers Recommenders and Search Tools Link to Influence Flower Influence Flower (What are Influence Flowers?) Core recommender toggle CORE Recommender (What is CORE?) Author Venue Institution Topic About arXivLabs arXivLabs: experimental projects with community collaborators arXivLabs is a framework that allows collaborators to develop and share new arXiv features directly on our website. Both individuals and organizations that work with arXivLabs have embraced and accepted our values of openness, community, excellence, and user data privacy. arXiv is committed to these values and only works with partners that adhere to them. Have an idea for a project that will add value for arXiv's community? Learn more about arXivLabs. Which authors of this paper are endorsers? | Disable MathJax (What is MathJax?)

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Source: arXiv Quantum Physics