Naturally Resonant Emitters: Approaching Fundamental Antenna Limits
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Quantum Physics arXiv:2604.26980 (quant-ph) [Submitted on 28 Apr 2026] Title:Naturally Resonant Emitters: Approaching Fundamental Antenna Limits Authors:Damir Latypov View a PDF of the paper titled Naturally Resonant Emitters: Approaching Fundamental Antenna Limits, by Damir Latypov View PDF Abstract:Antenna miniaturization remains a critical technological challenge across frequency scales - from microwave RF links in phones and wearables to VLF for underwater-to-air communications and ionospheric probing. At deeply subwavelength scales conventional antennas require complex and lossy matching circuits due to absent intrinsic material resonances, motivating resonant electrically small emitters (ESEs) like mechanical resonators and quantum emitters. Here, we extend the theory of electrically small antennas (ESAs) to this broader ESE class, deriving the fundamental efficiency limit for a unit volume emitter at given frequency and bandwidth. Our figure of merit (FOM) - quantifying proximity to this limit - enables direct comparison across ESE types, frequencies, bandwidths and scales. We demonstrate its utility using public data from ELF and VLF Navy facilities alongside two mechanical ESEs reported in literature. The measurements reveal that mechanical antennas operate near theoretical FOM limit, questioning claims of possible further orders-of-magnitude gains. A naturally resonant emitter is still subject to the Chu-Harrington limit (CHL) under its standard assumptions. Indeed, we derive novel CHL-dictated constraints on atomic ESE properties: lower bound on excited-state lifetime and an upper bound on transition dipole moment. Comments: Subjects: Quantum Physics (quant-ph); Applied Physics (physics.app-ph) Cite as: arXiv:2604.26980 [quant-ph] (or arXiv:2604.26980v1 [quant-ph] for this version) https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2604.26980 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite Submission history From: Damir Latypov [view email] [v1] Tue, 28 Apr 2026 14:11:04 UTC (497 KB) Full-text links: Access Paper: View a PDF of the paper titled Naturally Resonant Emitters: Approaching Fundamental Antenna Limits, by Damir LatypovView PDF view license Current browse context: quant-ph new | recent | 2026-04 Change to browse by: physics physics.app-ph References & Citations INSPIRE HEP NASA ADSGoogle Scholar Semantic Scholar export BibTeX citation Loading... BibTeX formatted citation × loading... Data provided by: Bookmark Bibliographic Tools Bibliographic and Citation Tools Bibliographic Explorer Toggle Bibliographic Explorer (What is the Explorer?) Connected Papers Toggle Connected Papers (What is Connected Papers?) Litmaps Toggle Litmaps (What is Litmaps?) scite.ai Toggle scite Smart Citations (What are Smart Citations?) Code, Data, Media Code, Data and Media Associated with this Article alphaXiv Toggle alphaXiv (What is alphaXiv?) Links to Code Toggle CatalyzeX Code Finder for Papers (What is CatalyzeX?) DagsHub Toggle DagsHub (What is DagsHub?) GotitPub Toggle Gotit.pub (What is GotitPub?) Huggingface Toggle Hugging Face (What is Huggingface?) ScienceCast Toggle ScienceCast (What is ScienceCast?) Demos Demos Replicate Toggle Replicate (What is Replicate?) Spaces Toggle Hugging Face Spaces (What is Spaces?) Spaces Toggle TXYZ.AI (What is TXYZ.AI?) Related Papers Recommenders and Search Tools Link to Influence Flower Influence Flower (What are Influence Flowers?) Core recommender toggle CORE Recommender (What is CORE?) Author Venue Institution Topic About arXivLabs arXivLabs: experimental projects with community collaborators arXivLabs is a framework that allows collaborators to develop and share new arXiv features directly on our website. Both individuals and organizations that work with arXivLabs have embraced and accepted our values of openness, community, excellence, and user data privacy. arXiv is committed to these values and only works with partners that adhere to them. Have an idea for a project that will add value for arXiv's community? Learn more about arXivLabs. Which authors of this paper are endorsers? | Disable MathJax (What is MathJax?)