The minimal example of quantum network Bell nonlocality
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Quantum Physics arXiv:2605.00981 (quant-ph) [Submitted on 1 May 2026] Title:The minimal example of quantum network Bell nonlocality Authors:Erwan Don, Jessica Bavaresco, Patryk Lipka-Bartosik, Nicolas Gisin, Nicolas Brunner, Alejandro Pozas-Kerstjens View a PDF of the paper titled The minimal example of quantum network Bell nonlocality, by Erwan Don and 5 other authors View PDF HTML (experimental) Abstract:In recent years, the study of Bell nonlocality has been generalized to quantum networks, where multiple independent sources distribute physical systems to distant parties who perform local measurements. In this context, a central open question is to identify the minimal network configuration in which quantum resources produce Bell nonlocal correlations. Here we address this question and show that quantum nonlocality is possible in the triangle network where the parties have no input choices and produce only binary-valued outcomes. To do so, we start by identifying a family of target distributions and proving their nonlocality. Next, we construct an explicit quantum model that reproduces the target distributions to machine precision. For this, we develop an efficient method for parameterizing quantum distributions in networks, inspired by the formalism of higher-order quantum operations. When considering the number of observed variables and their cardinality, this constitutes the smallest scenario possible that supports quantum nonlocality in networks. Moreover, by analyzing the explicit quantum model, we obtain new insights into how nonlocal distributions can be generated in quantum networks. Comments: Subjects: Quantum Physics (quant-ph) Cite as: arXiv:2605.00981 [quant-ph] (or arXiv:2605.00981v1 [quant-ph] for this version) https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2605.00981 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration) Submission history From: Alejandro Pozas-Kerstjens [view email] [v1] Fri, 1 May 2026 18:00:00 UTC (248 KB) Full-text links: Access Paper: View a PDF of the paper titled The minimal example of quantum network Bell nonlocality, by Erwan Don and 5 other authorsView PDFHTML (experimental)TeX Source view license Current browse context: quant-ph new | recent | 2026-05 References & Citations INSPIRE HEP NASA ADSGoogle Scholar Semantic Scholar export BibTeX citation Loading... BibTeX formatted citation × loading... Data provided by: Bookmark Bibliographic Tools Bibliographic and Citation Tools Bibliographic Explorer Toggle Bibliographic Explorer (What is the Explorer?) Connected Papers Toggle Connected Papers (What is Connected Papers?) Litmaps Toggle Litmaps (What is Litmaps?) scite.ai Toggle scite Smart Citations (What are Smart Citations?) Code, Data, Media Code, Data and Media Associated with this Article alphaXiv Toggle alphaXiv (What is alphaXiv?) Links to Code Toggle CatalyzeX Code Finder for Papers (What is CatalyzeX?) DagsHub Toggle DagsHub (What is DagsHub?) GotitPub Toggle Gotit.pub (What is GotitPub?) Huggingface Toggle Hugging Face (What is Huggingface?) ScienceCast Toggle ScienceCast (What is ScienceCast?) Demos Demos Replicate Toggle Replicate (What is Replicate?) Spaces Toggle Hugging Face Spaces (What is Spaces?) Spaces Toggle TXYZ.AI (What is TXYZ.AI?) Related Papers Recommenders and Search Tools Link to Influence Flower Influence Flower (What are Influence Flowers?) Core recommender toggle CORE Recommender (What is CORE?) Author Venue Institution Topic About arXivLabs arXivLabs: experimental projects with community collaborators arXivLabs is a framework that allows collaborators to develop and share new arXiv features directly on our website. Both individuals and organizations that work with arXivLabs have embraced and accepted our values of openness, community, excellence, and user data privacy. arXiv is committed to these values and only works with partners that adhere to them. Have an idea for a project that will add value for arXiv's community? Learn more about arXivLabs. Which authors of this paper are endorsers? | Disable MathJax (What is MathJax?)