Machine learning of quantum data using optimal similarity measurements
Summarize this article with:
Quantum Physics arXiv:2602.23501 (quant-ph) [Submitted on 26 Feb 2026] Title:Machine learning of quantum data using optimal similarity measurements Authors:Zhenghao Li, Hao Zhan, Shana H. Winston, Ewan Mer, Zhenghao Yin, Shang Yu, Yazeed K. Alwehaibi, Gerard J. Machado, Dayne Marcus Lopena, Lijian Zhang, M. S. Kim, Aonan Zhang, Ian A. Walmsley, Raj B. Patel View a PDF of the paper titled Machine learning of quantum data using optimal similarity measurements, by Zhenghao Li and 13 other authors View PDF HTML (experimental) Abstract:Quantum machine learning seeks a computational advantage in data processing by evaluating functions of quantum states, such as their similarity, that can be classically intractable to compute. For quantum advantage to be possible, however, it is essential to bypass costly characterisation of individual data instances in favour of efficient, direct similarity evaluation. Here we demonstrate a sample-optimal, hardware-efficient protocol for estimating quantum similarity -- the state overlap -- using bosonic quantum interference. The sample complexity of this approach is independent of the system dimension and is information-theoretically optimal up to a constant factor. Experimentally, we implement the scheme on \emph{Prakash-1}, a quantum computing platform based on a fully programmable integrated photonic processor. By preparing and interfering qudit states on the chip to directly extract their overlap, we demonstrate classification and online learning of quantum data with high accuracy in realistic noisy experiments. Our results establish joint overlap measurements as a scalable pathway to efficient quantum data analysis and a practical building block for network-integrated quantum machine learning. Comments: Subjects: Quantum Physics (quant-ph) Cite as: arXiv:2602.23501 [quant-ph] (or arXiv:2602.23501v1 [quant-ph] for this version) https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2602.23501 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration) Submission history From: Aonan Zhang [view email] [v1] Thu, 26 Feb 2026 21:17:12 UTC (16,507 KB) Full-text links: Access Paper: View a PDF of the paper titled Machine learning of quantum data using optimal similarity measurements, by Zhenghao Li and 13 other authorsView PDFHTML (experimental)TeX Source view license Current browse context: quant-ph new | recent | 2026-02 References & Citations INSPIRE HEP NASA ADSGoogle Scholar Semantic Scholar export BibTeX citation Loading... BibTeX formatted citation × loading... Data provided by: Bookmark Bibliographic Tools Bibliographic and Citation Tools Bibliographic Explorer Toggle Bibliographic Explorer (What is the Explorer?) Connected Papers Toggle Connected Papers (What is Connected Papers?) Litmaps Toggle Litmaps (What is Litmaps?) scite.ai Toggle scite Smart Citations (What are Smart Citations?) Code, Data, Media Code, Data and Media Associated with this Article alphaXiv Toggle alphaXiv (What is alphaXiv?) Links to Code Toggle CatalyzeX Code Finder for Papers (What is CatalyzeX?) DagsHub Toggle DagsHub (What is DagsHub?) GotitPub Toggle Gotit.pub (What is GotitPub?) Huggingface Toggle Hugging Face (What is Huggingface?) Links to Code Toggle Papers with Code (What is Papers with Code?) ScienceCast Toggle ScienceCast (What is ScienceCast?) Demos Demos Replicate Toggle Replicate (What is Replicate?) Spaces Toggle Hugging Face Spaces (What is Spaces?) Spaces Toggle TXYZ.AI (What is TXYZ.AI?) Related Papers Recommenders and Search Tools Link to Influence Flower Influence Flower (What are Influence Flowers?) Core recommender toggle CORE Recommender (What is CORE?) Author Venue Institution Topic About arXivLabs arXivLabs: experimental projects with community collaborators arXivLabs is a framework that allows collaborators to develop and share new arXiv features directly on our website. Both individuals and organizations that work with arXivLabs have embraced and accepted our values of openness, community, excellence, and user data privacy. arXiv is committed to these values and only works with partners that adhere to them. Have an idea for a project that will add value for arXiv's community? Learn more about arXivLabs. Which authors of this paper are endorsers? | Disable MathJax (What is MathJax?)