Hierarchies of Gaussian multimode entanglement from thermodynamic quantifiers
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Quantum Physics arXiv:2602.18816 (quant-ph) [Submitted on 21 Feb 2026] Title:Hierarchies of Gaussian multimode entanglement from thermodynamic quantifiers Authors:Mrinmoy Samanta, Sudipta Mondal, Ayan Patra, Saptarshi Roy, Aditi Sen De View a PDF of the paper titled Hierarchies of Gaussian multimode entanglement from thermodynamic quantifiers, by Mrinmoy Samanta and 4 other authors View PDF HTML (experimental) Abstract:We develop a thermodynamic characterization of multimode entanglement in pure continuous-variable systems by quantifying the gap between globally and locally extractable work (ergotropy). For arbitrary pure multimode Gaussian states, we prove that the $2$-local ergotropic gap is a faithful entanglement monotone across any bipartition and constitutes a functionally independent upper bound to the Renyi-2 entanglement entropy. We further introduce the $k$-ergotropic score, the minimum $k$-local ergotropic gap, and show that it faithfully quantifies multimode entanglement across $k$ partitions. For pure three-mode Gaussian states, we derive its closed-form relation with the geometric measure for genuine multimode entanglement $(k=2)$, and total Gaussian multimode entanglement $(k=3)$. For systems with more than three modes, the $k$-ergotropic score becomes a functionally independent measure of multimode entanglement to the standard geometric measures. Our results reveal a direct operational hierarchy linking Gaussian multimode entanglement to work extraction under locality constraints, and provide a computable and experimentally accessible thermodynamic framework for characterizing quantum correlations. Comments: Subjects: Quantum Physics (quant-ph) Cite as: arXiv:2602.18816 [quant-ph] (or arXiv:2602.18816v1 [quant-ph] for this version) https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2602.18816 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration) Submission history From: Mrinmoy Samanta [view email] [v1] Sat, 21 Feb 2026 12:20:23 UTC (942 KB) Full-text links: Access Paper: View a PDF of the paper titled Hierarchies of Gaussian multimode entanglement from thermodynamic quantifiers, by Mrinmoy Samanta and 4 other authorsView PDFHTML (experimental)TeX Source view license Current browse context: quant-ph new | recent | 2026-02 References & Citations INSPIRE HEP NASA ADSGoogle Scholar Semantic Scholar export BibTeX citation Loading... BibTeX formatted citation × loading... Data provided by: Bookmark Bibliographic Tools Bibliographic and Citation Tools Bibliographic Explorer Toggle Bibliographic Explorer (What is the Explorer?) Connected Papers Toggle Connected Papers (What is Connected Papers?) Litmaps Toggle Litmaps (What is Litmaps?) scite.ai Toggle scite Smart Citations (What are Smart Citations?) Code, Data, Media Code, Data and Media Associated with this Article alphaXiv Toggle alphaXiv (What is alphaXiv?) Links to Code Toggle CatalyzeX Code Finder for Papers (What is CatalyzeX?) DagsHub Toggle DagsHub (What is DagsHub?) GotitPub Toggle Gotit.pub (What is GotitPub?) Huggingface Toggle Hugging Face (What is Huggingface?) Links to Code Toggle Papers with Code (What is Papers with Code?) ScienceCast Toggle ScienceCast (What is ScienceCast?) Demos Demos Replicate Toggle Replicate (What is Replicate?) Spaces Toggle Hugging Face Spaces (What is Spaces?) Spaces Toggle TXYZ.AI (What is TXYZ.AI?) Related Papers Recommenders and Search Tools Link to Influence Flower Influence Flower (What are Influence Flowers?) Core recommender toggle CORE Recommender (What is CORE?) Author Venue Institution Topic About arXivLabs arXivLabs: experimental projects with community collaborators arXivLabs is a framework that allows collaborators to develop and share new arXiv features directly on our website. Both individuals and organizations that work with arXivLabs have embraced and accepted our values of openness, community, excellence, and user data privacy. arXiv is committed to these values and only works with partners that adhere to them. Have an idea for a project that will add value for arXiv's community? Learn more about arXivLabs. Which authors of this paper are endorsers? | Disable MathJax (What is MathJax?)