Hawking Radiation Destroys Quantum Links in Three-Part Systems, Study Reveals

Researchers are increasingly interested in understanding how quantum correlations behave in extreme gravitational environments. Guang-Wei Mi, Xiaofen Huang, and Tinggui Zhang, all from the School of Mathematics and Statistics at Hainan Normal University, have now explored tripartite quantum steering, a form of quantum correlation, within the curved spacetime around a Schwarzschild black hole. Their work classifies all possible steering configurations within this system and reveals how Hawking radiation impacts these correlations. Significantly, the team demonstrate that Hawking radiation can both disrupt and enhance quantum steering depending on the number of accessible quantum modes, offering potential observable signatures of this phenomenon and advancing our knowledge of quantum information processing in curved spacetime. Hawking Radiation’s Influence on Tripartite Quantum Steering Near Black Holes reveals subtle correlations between entangled particles Scientists are revealing how Hawking radiation, a phenomenon predicted to emanate from black holes, impacts quantum steering, a subtle form of quantum correlation. This work classifies all possible steering configurations within a three-party system situated near a Schwarzschild black hole, identifying how these correlations are affected by the black hole’s radiation. Researchers have systematically analysed scenarios with varying numbers of accessible quantum channels, one, two, or three, to determine the influence of Hawking radiation on the ability to steer quantum states between distant observers. The study demonstrates that Hawking radiation can both disrupt and enhance quantum steering, depending on the specific configuration and parameters of the system. Specifically, the investigation focuses on a tripartite system where Alice remains distant from a black hole, while Bob and Charlie are positioned near its event horizon. Through detailed calculations based on Dirac field quantization in Schwarzschild spacetime, the research establishes a clear link between Hawking radiation and the alteration of quantum steering capabilities. In the case of three accessible modes, Hawking radiation demonstrably disrupts quantum steering, with the point of maximum steering asymmetry precisely defining a critical phase boundary. Furthermore, when only two modes are accessible, Hawking radiation exhibits a dual behaviour, strengthening steering between certain parties while suppressing it between others, ultimately resulting in a net enhancement of specific steering types. Remarkably, when only a single mode is accessible, the Hawking effect significantly amplifies quantum steering overall. Across all scenarios examined, the strength of steering from one party to another consistently exceeds that in the reverse direction. These findings not only provide new insights into quantum correlations in the extreme environment of curved spacetime but also establish observable signatures of Hawking effects within quantum steering phenomena, potentially paving the way for future tests of fundamental physics at the intersection of quantum mechanics and gravity. This work offers a crucial step towards understanding how quantum information behaves in the presence of black holes and could have implications for advancements in quantum communication and computation. Tripartite quantum steering classification and analysis near a Schwarzschild black hole reveals interesting correlations A detailed analysis of tripartite quantum steering within Schwarzschild spacetime forms the basis of this work. The research commenced by assuming Alice, Bob and Charlie initially share a Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) state in an asymptotically flat region of spacetime. Alice remained stationary in this flat region, while Bob and Charlie were positioned as static observers near the black hole’s event horizon. This setup allowed for the investigation of Hawking radiation’s influence on quantum steering between the three parties. The study systematically classified all tripartite steering types, identifying three “1 to 2” and three “2 to 1” steering configurations. Researchers then analysed all physically relevant scenarios, categorising them into three cases based on the number of accessible modes: three, two, and one. The Dirac equation within Schwarzschild spacetime was formulated as γaeμ a(∂μ + Γμ) + μ] Φ = 0, where μ represents the mass of the Dirac field and γa denotes the Dirac matrix. Positive frequency outgoing modes permeating the interior and exterior of the event horizon were explicitly constructed using the equation Φ+ k,out = φ(r)e−iωμ and Φ+ k,in = φ(r)eiωμ, where k is the wave vector and φ(r) is the four-component Dirac spinor. The Dirac field was expanded using these modes, incorporating fermionic annihilation and antifermionic creation operators to describe particle behaviour near the black hole. In the scenario with three physically accessible modes, Hawking radiation was found to disrupt quantum steering, with the transition from two-way to one-way steering, demarcated by maximal steering asymmetry, defining a phase boundary. For two accessible modes, Hawking radiation exhibited dual behaviour, enhancing steering from Alice to Bob and Charlie under certain parameters, while suppressing it under others, and generally strengthening other steering types. When only one mode was physically accessible, the Hawking effect significantly enhanced quantum steering. Notably, across all scenarios, the strength of steering from 1 to 2 consistently exceeded that from 2 to 1. Hawking radiation’s influence on tripartite quantum steering across varying mode accessibility remains an open question Scientists investigated the effects of Hawking radiation on quantum steering and steering asymmetry within a tripartite system situated in Schwarzschild spacetime. All possible tripartite steering types were categorised, encompassing three “1 to 2” and three “2 to 1” steering configurations. A systematic analysis was performed across scenarios featuring one, two, and three physically accessible modes. In the scenario with three physically accessible modes, Hawking radiation diminished quantum steering, with the transition from two-way to one-way steering precisely defining the boundary between these regimes. When two modes were physically accessible, Hawking radiation displayed dual behaviour, enhancing steering from and to anti-Charlie under certain parameters, while suppressing it under others, and simultaneously strengthening other steering types. Considering only one physically accessible mode, the Hawking effect of the black hole substantially enhanced quantum steering. These findings offer novel insights into quantum correlations in curved spacetime and establish potential observable signatures of Hawking effects in quantum steering phenomena. From analysis presented, for a fixed Hawking temperature T, quantum steering consistently increased with the parameter α, with the 1 →2 steering intensity exceeding that of the 2 →1 steering. This indicates that the Hawking effect suppresses quantum steering in the fully physically accessible scenario. The work corroborates previous findings demonstrating that the Unruh effect similarly diminishes quantum steering. For the tripartite state with two accessible modes, the quantum steering and asymmetry were plotted against the Hawking temperature T, with ω = 1 held constant and α varying between 1/4, 1/2, and √2. SA→Bc H and SB→cA H exhibited a gradual increase and subsequent saturation with increasing T, while SBc→A H and ScA→B H remained consistently zero. The observed asymmetry in correlation functions confirms one-way quantum steering under these conditions. Sc→AB H demonstrated a monotonic increase with T, while SAB→c H showed a non-monotonic dependence, transitioning the system from no-way to two-way steering. The Hawking effect exhibited a dual influence on quantum steering, enhancing SAB→c H while suppressing it under specific conditions, and providing a net strengthening effect on other steering types. Analysis of the scenario with one physically accessible mode revealed the density matrix for the state ρH Abc. The results demonstrate that the Hawking effect substantially enhances quantum steering when only one mode is accessible. Hawking Radiation’s Impact on Tripartite Quantum Steering Configurations is explored through detailed analytical modeling Researchers investigated the influence of Hawking radiation on quantum steering and steering asymmetry within a three-party system situated in the spacetime around a Schwarzschild black hole. A comprehensive classification of all possible tripartite steering scenarios was performed, encompassing six distinct cases defined by the direction of steering between the parties. Analysis focused on three canonical configurations based on the number of physically accessible modes, one, two, and three, allowing for a detailed understanding of how Hawking radiation affects quantum steering under varying conditions. In the scenario with three accessible modes, Hawking radiation was found to disrupt quantum steering, with a clear phase boundary identified by the transition from two-way to one-way steering. When two modes are accessible, Hawking radiation displayed a more complex behaviour, either enhancing or suppressing steering depending on specific parameters, while simultaneously strengthening other steering types. Notably, with only one accessible mode, the Hawking effect significantly amplified quantum steering. These findings offer novel insights into quantum correlations in curved spacetime and suggest potential observable signatures of Hawking radiation through quantum steering phenomena. The authors acknowledge that their analysis relies on specific parameter choices and model assumptions, potentially limiting the generalizability of the results. Furthermore, the study focuses on a particular tripartite system and may not fully capture the complexities of quantum steering in more general scenarios. Future research could explore the effects of different spacetime geometries and quantum states on steering, as well as investigate the feasibility of experimentally verifying these predictions using analogue black hole systems or other quantum information platforms. These investigations will contribute to a more complete understanding of quantum correlations in extreme gravitational environments. 👉 More information 🗞 Tripartite quantum steering in Schwarzschild spacetime 🧠 ArXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.00991 Tags: