Generalized Loschmidt echo and information scrambling in open systems, by Yi-Neng Zhou, Chang Liu
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SciPost Physics Home Authoring Refereeing Submit a manuscript About Generalized Loschmidt echo and information scrambling in open systems Yi-Neng Zhou, Chang Liu SciPost Phys. 20, 072 (2026) · published 6 March 2026 doi: 10.21468/SciPostPhys.20.3.072 pdf BiBTeX RIS Submissions/Reports Abstract Quantum information scrambling, typically explored in closed quantum systems, describes the spread of initially localized information throughout a system and can be quantified by measures such as the Loschmidt echo (LE) and out-of-time-order correlator (OTOC). In this paper, we explore information scrambling in the presence of dissipation by generalizing the concepts of LE and OTOC to open quantum systems governed by Lindblad dynamics. We investigate the universal dynamics of the generalized LE across regimes of weak and strong dissipation. In the weak dissipation regime, we identify a universal structure, while in the strong dissipation regime, we observe a distinctive two-local-minima structure, which we interpret through an analysis of the Lindblad spectrum. Furthermore, we establish connections between the thermal averages of LE and OTOC and prove a general relation between OTOC and Rényi entropy in open systems. Finally, we propose an experimental protocol for measuring OTOC in open systems. These findings provide deeper insights into information scrambling under dissipation and pave the way for experimental studies in open quantum systems. × TY - JOURPB - SciPost FoundationDO - 10.21468/SciPostPhys.20.3.072TI - Generalized Loschmidt echo and information scrambling in open systemsPY - 2026/03/06UR - https://scipost.org/SciPostPhys.20.3.072JF - SciPost PhysicsJA - SciPost Phys.VL - 20IS - 3SP - 072A1 - Zhou, Yi-NengAU - Liu, ChangAB - Quantum information scrambling, typically explored in closed quantum systems, describes the spread of initially localized information throughout a system and can be quantified by measures such as the Loschmidt echo (LE) and out-of-time-order correlator (OTOC). In this paper, we explore information scrambling in the presence of dissipation by generalizing the concepts of LE and OTOC to open quantum systems governed by Lindblad dynamics. We investigate the universal dynamics of the generalized LE across regimes of weak and strong dissipation. In the weak dissipation regime, we identify a universal structure, while in the strong dissipation regime, we observe a distinctive two-local-minima structure, which we interpret through an analysis of the Lindblad spectrum. Furthermore, we establish connections between the thermal averages of LE and OTOC and prove a general relation between OTOC and Rényi entropy in open systems. Finally, we propose an experimental protocol for measuring OTOC in open systems. These findings provide deeper insights into information scrambling under dissipation and pave the way for experimental studies in open quantum systems.ER - × @Article{10.21468/SciPostPhys.20.3.072, title={{Generalized Loschmidt echo and information scrambling in open systems}}, author={Yi-Neng Zhou and Chang Liu}, journal={SciPost Phys.}, volume={20}, pages={072}, year={2026}, publisher={SciPost}, doi={10.21468/SciPostPhys.20.3.072}, url={https://scipost.org/10.21468/SciPostPhys.20.3.072},} Ontology / Topics See full Ontology or Topics database. Decoherence Open quantum systems Quantum chaos Authors / Affiliations: mappings to Contributors and Organizations See all Organizations. 1 2 Yi-Neng Zhou, 2 3 Chang Liu 1 Université de Genève / University of Geneva [UNIGE] 2 Tsinghua University [THU] 3 National University of Singapore [NUS]