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Frequency-Division Multiplexed CV-QKD System

arXiv Quantum Physics
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⚡ Quantum Brief
Researchers from South Korea demonstrated a breakthrough in continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) by implementing frequency-division multiplexing (FDM) to boost spectral efficiency. The team achieved a 3.7-fold increase in back-to-back secret key rates compared to single-channel systems. The system used a four-channel 10-Mbaud FDM-CV-QKD setup with Gaussian modulation, transmitted local oscillator, and homodyne detection. This approach enables dense multiplexing of low-symbol-rate signals without sacrificing performance. In finite-size scenarios (N = 10⁷), the FDM system outperformed conventional single-channel CV-QKD for distances up to 41.1 km, addressing a key limitation in real-world quantum network deployment. The work bridges quantum physics and cryptography, offering a scalable solution for high-capacity quantum-secured communication. It was submitted to arXiv in March 2026 under quantum physics and cryptography categories. This advancement could accelerate practical adoption of CV-QKD in metropolitan-scale quantum networks, where spectral efficiency and distance constraints are critical barriers.
Frequency-Division Multiplexed CV-QKD System

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Quantum Physics arXiv:2603.20718 (quant-ph) [Submitted on 21 Mar 2026] Title:Frequency-Division Multiplexed CV-QKD System Authors:Jahyeok Han, Donghyeok Le, Minseok Ryu, Syed Assad, Yong-Su Kim, Sunghyun Bae View a PDF of the paper titled Frequency-Division Multiplexed CV-QKD System, by Jahyeok Han and 5 other authors View PDF HTML (experimental) Abstract:We propose a frequency-division multiplexed (FDM) continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) system with enhanced spectral efficiency through dense multiplexing of low-symbol-rate signals. A four-channel 10-Mbaud FDM-CV-QKD system was experimentally demonstrated using Gaussian modulation, a transmitted local oscillator, and homodyne detection. Under a finite-size scenario (N = 10^7), the system achieved a 3.7-fold back-to-back secret key rate gain and outperformed the single-channel system for distances up to 41.1 km. Comments: Subjects: Quantum Physics (quant-ph); Cryptography and Security (cs.CR) Cite as: arXiv:2603.20718 [quant-ph] (or arXiv:2603.20718v1 [quant-ph] for this version) https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2603.20718 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration) Submission history From: Sunghyun Bae [view email] [v1] Sat, 21 Mar 2026 08:54:04 UTC (2,034 KB) Full-text links: Access Paper: View a PDF of the paper titled Frequency-Division Multiplexed CV-QKD System, by Jahyeok Han and 5 other authorsView PDFHTML (experimental)TeX Source view license Current browse context: quant-ph new | recent | 2026-03 Change to browse by: cs cs.CR References & Citations INSPIRE HEP NASA ADSGoogle Scholar Semantic Scholar export BibTeX citation Loading... BibTeX formatted citation × loading... Data provided by: Bookmark Bibliographic Tools Bibliographic and Citation Tools Bibliographic Explorer Toggle Bibliographic Explorer (What is the Explorer?) Connected Papers Toggle Connected Papers (What is Connected Papers?) Litmaps Toggle Litmaps (What is Litmaps?) scite.ai Toggle scite Smart Citations (What are Smart Citations?) Code, Data, Media Code, Data and Media Associated with this Article alphaXiv Toggle alphaXiv (What is alphaXiv?) Links to Code Toggle CatalyzeX Code Finder for Papers (What is CatalyzeX?) DagsHub Toggle DagsHub (What is DagsHub?) GotitPub Toggle Gotit.pub (What is GotitPub?) Huggingface Toggle Hugging Face (What is Huggingface?) Links to Code Toggle Papers with Code (What is Papers with Code?) ScienceCast Toggle ScienceCast (What is ScienceCast?) Demos Demos Replicate Toggle Replicate (What is Replicate?) Spaces Toggle Hugging Face Spaces (What is Spaces?) Spaces Toggle TXYZ.AI (What is TXYZ.AI?) Related Papers Recommenders and Search Tools Link to Influence Flower Influence Flower (What are Influence Flowers?) Core recommender toggle CORE Recommender (What is CORE?) Author Venue Institution Topic About arXivLabs arXivLabs: experimental projects with community collaborators arXivLabs is a framework that allows collaborators to develop and share new arXiv features directly on our website. Both individuals and organizations that work with arXivLabs have embraced and accepted our values of openness, community, excellence, and user data privacy. arXiv is committed to these values and only works with partners that adhere to them. Have an idea for a project that will add value for arXiv's community? Learn more about arXivLabs. Which authors of this paper are endorsers? | Disable MathJax (What is MathJax?)

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Source: arXiv Quantum Physics