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Empirical Falsification of Pairwise-Only Explanations for an Engineered Parity Benchmark on a 133-Qubit Superconducting Processor

arXiv Quantum Physics
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⚡ Quantum Brief
A March 2026 study empirically disproves the assumption that quantum device noise can be fully explained by pairwise qubit interactions, using IBM’s 133-qubit superconducting processor (ibm_torino). Researchers detected irreducible triplet correlations (f(123) = 0.726 bits) in parity benchmarks, far exceeding pairwise-only predictions (~6.6e-6 bits), statistically rejecting the low-order interaction model with p ≤ 1.0e-4. A stricter follow-up protocol (A1b) suppressed singleton leakage and preserved strong triplet effects (f(123) = 0.565 bits), confirming higher-order noise persists even after mitigating pairwise mismatches. Classifiers using only pairwise features achieved 61.7% accuracy, while triplet-inclusive models reached 91.0%, proving pairwise benchmarks miss critical contextual structure in current quantum hardware. The findings challenge error-mitigation workflows relying on low-order approximations, urging inclusion of higher-order correlations for accurate quantum characterization.
Empirical Falsification of Pairwise-Only Explanations for an Engineered Parity Benchmark on a 133-Qubit Superconducting Processor

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Quantum Physics arXiv:2603.20542 (quant-ph) [Submitted on 20 Mar 2026] Title:Empirical Falsification of Pairwise-Only Explanations for an Engineered Parity Benchmark on a 133-Qubit Superconducting Processor Authors:Petr Sramek View a PDF of the paper titled Empirical Falsification of Pairwise-Only Explanations for an Engineered Parity Benchmark on a 133-Qubit Superconducting Processor, by Petr Sramek View PDF HTML (experimental) Abstract:Scalable quantum characterization and error-mitigation workflows often rely on the assumption that relevant device noise and readout contamination can be adequately captured by low-weight, predominantly pairwise interactions. We report a compact hardware experiment designed to operationally distinguish pairwise-only explanations from irreducible triplet-order predictive structure. The A1/A1b protocol implements a parity-structured binary label on a 133-qubit IBM superconducting processor (ibm_torino) and analyzes the resulting data through a classical M"obius decomposition of subset mutual informations. In the A1 baseline, we observe a macroscopic triplet correlation of f(123) = 0.72609 bits (p new | recent | 2026-03 References & Citations INSPIRE HEP NASA ADSGoogle Scholar Semantic Scholar export BibTeX citation Loading... BibTeX formatted citation × loading... Data provided by: Bookmark Bibliographic Tools Bibliographic and Citation Tools Bibliographic Explorer Toggle Bibliographic Explorer (What is the Explorer?) Connected Papers Toggle Connected Papers (What is Connected Papers?) Litmaps Toggle Litmaps (What is Litmaps?) scite.ai Toggle scite Smart Citations (What are Smart Citations?) Code, Data, Media Code, Data and Media Associated with this Article alphaXiv Toggle alphaXiv (What is alphaXiv?) Links to Code Toggle CatalyzeX Code Finder for Papers (What is CatalyzeX?) DagsHub Toggle DagsHub (What is DagsHub?) GotitPub Toggle Gotit.pub (What is GotitPub?) Huggingface Toggle Hugging Face (What is Huggingface?) Links to Code Toggle Papers with Code (What is Papers with Code?) ScienceCast Toggle ScienceCast (What is ScienceCast?) Demos Demos Replicate Toggle Replicate (What is Replicate?) Spaces Toggle Hugging Face Spaces (What is Spaces?) Spaces Toggle TXYZ.AI (What is TXYZ.AI?) Related Papers Recommenders and Search Tools Link to Influence Flower Influence Flower (What are Influence Flowers?) Core recommender toggle CORE Recommender (What is CORE?) Author Venue Institution Topic About arXivLabs arXivLabs: experimental projects with community collaborators arXivLabs is a framework that allows collaborators to develop and share new arXiv features directly on our website. Both individuals and organizations that work with arXivLabs have embraced and accepted our values of openness, community, excellence, and user data privacy. arXiv is committed to these values and only works with partners that adhere to them. Have an idea for a project that will add value for arXiv's community? Learn more about arXivLabs. Which authors of this paper are endorsers? | Disable MathJax (What is MathJax?)

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Source: arXiv Quantum Physics