Emergent Operational Entanglement Graphs and Sub-Quadratic Authentication Scaling in Realistic E91 Quantum Networks
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Quantum Physics arXiv:2605.27434 (quant-ph) [Submitted on 22 May 2026] Title:Emergent Operational Entanglement Graphs and Sub-Quadratic Authentication Scaling in Realistic E91 Quantum Networks Authors:José Luis Rosales View a PDF of the paper titled Emergent Operational Entanglement Graphs and Sub-Quadratic Authentication Scaling in Realistic E91 Quantum Networks, by Jos\'e Luis Rosales View PDF HTML (experimental) Abstract:Large-scale entanglement-based quantum key distribution (QKD) networks are commonly assumed to require authentication resources scaling quadratically with the number of users. We show that realistic quantum communication networks operating under loss, decoherence, and LOCC constraints exhibit fundamentally different scaling laws. Using Pauli transfer matrix (PTM) transport, we demonstrate that Bell correlations decay exponentially along entanglement-swapping paths, generating finite operational correlation lengths and sparse operational entanglement graphs. In sparse metropolitan quantum networks, the number of CHSH-usable Bell pairs consequently scales linearly with network size, while authentication complexity scales as \[ \Theta(N\log N), \] under sparse-mixing assumptions. We further present an ancilla-assisted distributed Bell-state verification framework for realistic E91 quantum metropolitan infrastructures. Our results suggest that scalable authentication in quantum communication networks emerges directly from the physics of entanglement transport. Subjects: Quantum Physics (quant-ph) Cite as: arXiv:2605.27434 [quant-ph] (or arXiv:2605.27434v1 [quant-ph] for this version) https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2605.27434 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite Submission history From: Jose Luis Rosales B. [view email] [v1] Fri, 22 May 2026 10:17:31 UTC (11 KB) Full-text links: Access Paper: View a PDF of the paper titled Emergent Operational Entanglement Graphs and Sub-Quadratic Authentication Scaling in Realistic E91 Quantum Networks, by Jos\'e Luis RosalesView PDFHTML (experimental)TeX Source view license Current browse context: quant-ph new | recent | 2026-05 References & Citations INSPIRE HEP NASA ADSGoogle Scholar Semantic Scholar export BibTeX citation Loading... BibTeX formatted citation × loading... Data provided by: Bookmark Bibliographic Tools Bibliographic and Citation Tools Bibliographic Explorer Toggle Bibliographic Explorer (What is the Explorer?) Connected Papers Toggle Connected Papers (What is Connected Papers?) Litmaps Toggle Litmaps (What is Litmaps?) scite.ai Toggle scite Smart Citations (What are Smart Citations?) Code, Data, Media Code, Data and Media Associated with this Article alphaXiv Toggle alphaXiv (What is alphaXiv?) Links to Code Toggle CatalyzeX Code Finder for Papers (What is CatalyzeX?) DagsHub Toggle DagsHub (What is DagsHub?) GotitPub Toggle Gotit.pub (What is GotitPub?) Huggingface Toggle Hugging Face (What is Huggingface?) ScienceCast Toggle ScienceCast (What is ScienceCast?) Demos Demos Replicate Toggle Replicate (What is Replicate?) Spaces Toggle Hugging Face Spaces (What is Spaces?) Spaces Toggle TXYZ.AI (What is TXYZ.AI?) Related Papers Recommenders and Search Tools Link to Influence Flower Influence Flower (What are Influence Flowers?) Core recommender toggle CORE Recommender (What is CORE?) Author Venue Institution Topic About arXivLabs arXivLabs: experimental projects with community collaborators arXivLabs is a framework that allows collaborators to develop and share new arXiv features directly on our website. Both individuals and organizations that work with arXivLabs have embraced and accepted our values of openness, community, excellence, and user data privacy. arXiv is committed to these values and only works with partners that adhere to them. Have an idea for a project that will add value for arXiv's community? Learn more about arXivLabs. Which authors of this paper are endorsers? | Disable MathJax (What is MathJax?)