Effects of measurements on entanglement dynamics for $1+1$D $\mathbb Z_2$ lattice gauge theory
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Quantum Physics arXiv:2603.28877 (quant-ph) [Submitted on 30 Mar 2026] Title:Effects of measurements on entanglement dynamics for $1+1$D $\mathbb Z_2$ lattice gauge theory Authors:Nilachal Chakrabarti, Nisa Ara, Neha Nirbhan, Arpan Bhattacharyya, Indrakshi Raychowdhury View a PDF of the paper titled Effects of measurements on entanglement dynamics for $1+1$D $\mathbb Z_2$ lattice gauge theory, by Nilachal Chakrabarti and 4 other authors View PDF HTML (experimental) Abstract:The $1+1$ dimensional $\mathbb Z_2$ gauge theory is the simplest model that allows for quantum simulation to probe the fundamental aspects of a gauge theory coupled with dynamical fermions. To reliably benchmark such a system, it is crucial to understand the non-unitary quantum dynamics arising from the underlying non-Hermitian evolution and to model the effects of quantum measurements. This work focuses on measuring physical observables for a $\mathbb Z_2$ gauge theory. Tensor network calculations are performed to probe the effect of measurement for larger lattice sizes (up to 256-site systems).
Using Matrix Product State calculations, the dynamics of entanglement entropy are studied as a function of the measurement rate and the coupling constant. We find that, under both local and non-local measurements, the late-time saturation value of the bipartite entanglement entropy remains independent of system size, indicating the absence of a measurement-induced phase transition in the no-click limit. Comments: Subjects: Quantum Physics (quant-ph); Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el); High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat); High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th) Cite as: arXiv:2603.28877 [quant-ph] (or arXiv:2603.28877v1 [quant-ph] for this version) https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2603.28877 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration) Submission history From: Nilachal Chakrabarti [view email] [v1] Mon, 30 Mar 2026 18:01:11 UTC (1,447 KB) Full-text links: Access Paper: View a PDF of the paper titled Effects of measurements on entanglement dynamics for $1+1$D $\mathbb Z_2$ lattice gauge theory, by Nilachal Chakrabarti and 4 other authorsView PDFHTML (experimental)TeX Source view license Current browse context: quant-ph new | recent | 2026-03 Change to browse by: cond-mat cond-mat.str-el hep-lat hep-th References & Citations INSPIRE HEP NASA ADSGoogle Scholar Semantic Scholar export BibTeX citation Loading... BibTeX formatted citation × loading... Data provided by: Bookmark Bibliographic Tools Bibliographic and Citation Tools Bibliographic Explorer Toggle Bibliographic Explorer (What is the Explorer?) Connected Papers Toggle Connected Papers (What is Connected Papers?) Litmaps Toggle Litmaps (What is Litmaps?) scite.ai Toggle scite Smart Citations (What are Smart Citations?) Code, Data, Media Code, Data and Media Associated with this Article alphaXiv Toggle alphaXiv (What is alphaXiv?) Links to Code Toggle CatalyzeX Code Finder for Papers (What is CatalyzeX?) DagsHub Toggle DagsHub (What is DagsHub?) GotitPub Toggle Gotit.pub (What is GotitPub?) Huggingface Toggle Hugging Face (What is Huggingface?) Links to Code Toggle Papers with Code (What is Papers with Code?) ScienceCast Toggle ScienceCast (What is ScienceCast?) Demos Demos Replicate Toggle Replicate (What is Replicate?) Spaces Toggle Hugging Face Spaces (What is Spaces?) Spaces Toggle TXYZ.AI (What is TXYZ.AI?) Related Papers Recommenders and Search Tools Link to Influence Flower Influence Flower (What are Influence Flowers?) Core recommender toggle CORE Recommender (What is CORE?) Author Venue Institution Topic About arXivLabs arXivLabs: experimental projects with community collaborators arXivLabs is a framework that allows collaborators to develop and share new arXiv features directly on our website. Both individuals and organizations that work with arXivLabs have embraced and accepted our values of openness, community, excellence, and user data privacy. arXiv is committed to these values and only works with partners that adhere to them. Have an idea for a project that will add value for arXiv's community? Learn more about arXivLabs. Which authors of this paper are endorsers? | Disable MathJax (What is MathJax?)