Dipolar Fermi Gas Exhibits Liquid-Gas Phase Transition under Quasi-One-Dimensional Confinement

The behaviour of matter at extremely low temperatures reveals fascinating new states, and recent research explores one such state in a specially prepared gas of fermionic atoms. Lanxuan Gao, Koki Takayama, and colleagues from The University of Tokyo, alongside Hiroyuki Tajima from RIKEN Nishina Center and Takahiro M. Doi from Kyoto University, investigate how this gas undergoes a transition between liquid and gas phases when heated. They demonstrate that a one-dimensional gas of dipolar Fermi atoms exhibits a clear liquid-gas phase transition, revealing a complex interplay between quantum exchange correlations and long-range dipolar interactions. This work not only advances our understanding of self-bound fermionic matter, but also offers a novel analog system for studying the behaviour of nuclear matter, potentially bridging the gap between atomic physics and nuclear physics.

Strongly Interacting Cold Fermionic Atoms Investigated This research delves into the behaviour of many cold fermionic atoms, focusing on how they interact and the resulting properties of the system. Scientists are exploring the equation of state, which describes the relationship between pressure, density, and temperature, to understand the stability and behaviour of these atoms when strongly interacting. The work draws parallels with nuclear physics, suggesting that these ultracold atomic gases can serve as a model for studying matter under extreme conditions.

The team employs theoretical methods to calculate properties like the effective mass of the fermions and predict potential phase transitions.

This research contributes to a deeper understanding of complex many-body phenomena and has implications for both atomic and nuclear physics.,.

Dipolar Fermi Gases and Droplet Formation Scientists are investigating how dipolar Fermi gases form self-bound droplets at finite temperatures within quasi-one-dimensional systems. These droplets arise from a combination of quantum exchange correlations and long-range dipole-dipole interactions, tunable by tilting the dipoles. Using the Hartree-Fock approximation, researchers mapped the liquid-gas phase transition and identified the resulting phase structure, which includes gas, liquid, a coexistence region, and a spinodal phase. Calculations of the effective mass of the particles reveal a specific density dependence of their behaviour, providing insights into the interactions governing the system. This work establishes a foundation for understanding self-bound fermionic matter and offers a platform for simulating nuclear systems.,.

Dipolar Fermi Gas Exhibits Liquid-Gas Phase Transition Theoretical investigations reveal that a quasi-one-dimensional, single-component dipolar Fermi gas undergoes a liquid-gas phase transition, leading to the formation of self-bound fermionic droplets. These droplets emerge from the interplay between quantum exchange correlations and long-range dipole-dipole interactions within the confined system. Researchers tuned the interaction strength by tilting the dipoles and employed the Hartree-Fock approximation to map the phase transition and elucidate the resulting finite-temperature phase structure. The study demonstrates similarities between this system and nuclear matter, mirroring liquid-gas phase transitions observed in established nuclear models.

This research provides a foundation for understanding self-bound fermionic matter and opens avenues for analog quantum simulations of nuclear phenomena.,.

Dipolar Fermions Exhibit Liquid-Gas Phase Transition This research investigates the behaviour of a quasi-one-dimensional gas of interacting fermionic atoms, revealing how these atoms can form self-bound droplets due to their long-range dipolar interactions and quantum properties. Theoretical calculations demonstrate the existence of a liquid-gas phase transition, where the gas transforms into a denser liquid state, and identify distinct phases including gas, liquid, a coexistence region, and a spinodal instability. The calculated characteristics of this transition show qualitative agreement with models used to study similar transitions in nuclear matter. These findings contribute to a broader understanding of self-bound fermionic matter and offer insights relevant to the study of nuclear systems through analogous simulations., The authors acknowledge that their calculations rely on the Hartree-Fock approximation, a simplification of the complex interactions within the system, and that this approach may have limitations. Future research will explore more sophisticated theoretical methods to account for effects beyond this approximation, investigate the possibility of p-wave pairing, and incorporate the influence of three-body forces. These advancements will further refine the understanding of these systems and provide a testing ground for advanced many-body theories. 👉 More information 🗞 Thermal liquid-gas phase transition in a quasi-one-dimensional dipolar Fermi gas 🧠 ArXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.09252 Tags: