A Differentiable Physical Framework for Goal-Driven Spin-State Engineering in Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
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Quantum Physics arXiv:2604.01722 (quant-ph) [Submitted on 2 Apr 2026] Title:A Differentiable Physical Framework for Goal-Driven Spin-State Engineering in Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Authors:Gaocheng Fu, Shiji Zhang, Kai Huang, Xue Yang, Huilin Zhang, Daxiu Wei, Ye-Feng Yao View a PDF of the paper titled A Differentiable Physical Framework for Goal-Driven Spin-State Engineering in Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, by Gaocheng Fu and 6 other authors View PDF Abstract:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) offers a unique non-invasive window into metabolic processes, yet its potential remains strictly constrained by severe spectral congestion and intrinsic insensitivity. Traditional pulse sequence design, tethered to human intuition, predominantly targets simple quantum states, thereby overlooking the vast majority of the exponentially scaling operator space which consists of complex spin superpositions. Here, we introduce a spectrum-driven, end-to-end differentiable physical framework that transcends these heuristic limitations. By integrating physical laws with automatic differentiation algorithm, our approach directly navigates the high-dimensional spin dynamics space, bypassing the intractable inverse problem of state preparation. This enables the discovery of non-intuitive, complex mixed states that simultaneously satisfy the dual objectives of selective excitation and interferometric signal enhancement. We validate this paradigm by achieving the robust separation of Glutamate and Glutamine, which is a longstanding neuroimaging challenge, in the human brain at 3T, demonstrating spectral fidelity superior to conventional methods. By unlocking the "dark" informational content of nuclear spin ensembles, our work establishes a generalizable paradigm for goal-driven quantum state engineering in magnetic resonance and beyond. Subjects: Quantum Physics (quant-ph); Applied Physics (physics.app-ph); Medical Physics (physics.med-ph) Cite as: arXiv:2604.01722 [quant-ph] (or arXiv:2604.01722v1 [quant-ph] for this version) https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2604.01722 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration) Submission history From: Yefeng Yao [view email] [v1] Thu, 2 Apr 2026 07:39:47 UTC (1,576 KB) Full-text links: Access Paper: View a PDF of the paper titled A Differentiable Physical Framework for Goal-Driven Spin-State Engineering in Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, by Gaocheng Fu and 6 other authorsView PDF view license Current browse context: quant-ph new | recent | 2026-04 Change to browse by: physics physics.app-ph physics.med-ph References & Citations INSPIRE HEP NASA ADSGoogle Scholar Semantic Scholar export BibTeX citation Loading... BibTeX formatted citation × loading... Data provided by: Bookmark Bibliographic Tools Bibliographic and Citation Tools Bibliographic Explorer Toggle Bibliographic Explorer (What is the Explorer?) Connected Papers Toggle Connected Papers (What is Connected Papers?) Litmaps Toggle Litmaps (What is Litmaps?) scite.ai Toggle scite Smart Citations (What are Smart Citations?) Code, Data, Media Code, Data and Media Associated with this Article alphaXiv Toggle alphaXiv (What is alphaXiv?) Links to Code Toggle CatalyzeX Code Finder for Papers (What is CatalyzeX?) DagsHub Toggle DagsHub (What is DagsHub?) GotitPub Toggle Gotit.pub (What is GotitPub?) Huggingface Toggle Hugging Face (What is Huggingface?) ScienceCast Toggle ScienceCast (What is ScienceCast?) Demos Demos Replicate Toggle Replicate (What is Replicate?) Spaces Toggle Hugging Face Spaces (What is Spaces?) Spaces Toggle TXYZ.AI (What is TXYZ.AI?) Related Papers Recommenders and Search Tools Link to Influence Flower Influence Flower (What are Influence Flowers?) Core recommender toggle CORE Recommender (What is CORE?) Author Venue Institution Topic About arXivLabs arXivLabs: experimental projects with community collaborators arXivLabs is a framework that allows collaborators to develop and share new arXiv features directly on our website. Both individuals and organizations that work with arXivLabs have embraced and accepted our values of openness, community, excellence, and user data privacy. arXiv is committed to these values and only works with partners that adhere to them. Have an idea for a project that will add value for arXiv's community? Learn more about arXivLabs. Which authors of this paper are endorsers? | Disable MathJax (What is MathJax?)