Development of Biphoton Entangled Light Spectroscopy (BELS) using Bell pairs
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Quantum Physics arXiv:2603.22547 (quant-ph) [Submitted on 23 Mar 2026] Title:Development of Biphoton Entangled Light Spectroscopy (BELS) using Bell pairs Authors:V. V. Desai, N. P. Armitage View a PDF of the paper titled Development of Biphoton Entangled Light Spectroscopy (BELS) using Bell pairs, by V. V. Desai and N. P. Armitage View PDF HTML (experimental) Abstract:We introduce Biphoton Entanglement Light Spectroscopy (BELS), a quantum spectroscopic technique that employs polarization entangled Bell pairs and two photon interference to probe material properties. In BELS, the measured signal arises not from single photon intensities but from changes in the joint polarization and path correlations of biphoton Bell pairs transmitted through or scattered by a sample and analyzed via cross channel coincidences. A key concept of BELS is the explicit mapping between Jones matrix operations and transformations within the Bell state manifold. Optical elements that are equivalent under classical polarization optics can produce qualitatively distinct signatures in the coincidence landscape when interrogated with entangled photons. We demonstrate that linear birefringence and Faraday rotation generate orthogonal admixtures of Bell states, yielding experimentally distinguishable coincidence channels within a single measurement. We measure birefringence in an anisotropic dielectric and Faraday rotation in $\text{Tb}_3\text{Ga}_5\text{O}_{12}$. By mapping the changes to the photonic entanglement, BELS establishes a new framework for future entanglement enhanced spectroscopy, a potentially powerful approach in characterizing quantum materials, nanophotonic devices, and light matter interactions perhaps eventually at a fundamentally quantum level. Comments: Subjects: Quantum Physics (quant-ph); Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci); Optics (physics.optics) Cite as: arXiv:2603.22547 [quant-ph] (or arXiv:2603.22547v1 [quant-ph] for this version) https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2603.22547 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration) Submission history From: Vishal Desai [view email] [v1] Mon, 23 Mar 2026 20:11:56 UTC (570 KB) Full-text links: Access Paper: View a PDF of the paper titled Development of Biphoton Entangled Light Spectroscopy (BELS) using Bell pairs, by V. V. Desai and N. P. ArmitageView PDFHTML (experimental)TeX Source view license Current browse context: quant-ph new | recent | 2026-03 Change to browse by: cond-mat cond-mat.mtrl-sci physics physics.optics References & Citations INSPIRE HEP NASA ADSGoogle Scholar Semantic Scholar export BibTeX citation Loading... BibTeX formatted citation × loading... Data provided by: Bookmark Bibliographic Tools Bibliographic and Citation Tools Bibliographic Explorer Toggle Bibliographic Explorer (What is the Explorer?) Connected Papers Toggle Connected Papers (What is Connected Papers?) Litmaps Toggle Litmaps (What is Litmaps?) scite.ai Toggle scite Smart Citations (What are Smart Citations?) Code, Data, Media Code, Data and Media Associated with this Article alphaXiv Toggle alphaXiv (What is alphaXiv?) Links to Code Toggle CatalyzeX Code Finder for Papers (What is CatalyzeX?) DagsHub Toggle DagsHub (What is DagsHub?) GotitPub Toggle Gotit.pub (What is GotitPub?) Huggingface Toggle Hugging Face (What is Huggingface?) Links to Code Toggle Papers with Code (What is Papers with Code?) ScienceCast Toggle ScienceCast (What is ScienceCast?) Demos Demos Replicate Toggle Replicate (What is Replicate?) Spaces Toggle Hugging Face Spaces (What is Spaces?) Spaces Toggle TXYZ.AI (What is TXYZ.AI?) Related Papers Recommenders and Search Tools Link to Influence Flower Influence Flower (What are Influence Flowers?) Core recommender toggle CORE Recommender (What is CORE?) Author Venue Institution Topic About arXivLabs arXivLabs: experimental projects with community collaborators arXivLabs is a framework that allows collaborators to develop and share new arXiv features directly on our website. Both individuals and organizations that work with arXivLabs have embraced and accepted our values of openness, community, excellence, and user data privacy. arXiv is committed to these values and only works with partners that adhere to them. Have an idea for a project that will add value for arXiv's community? Learn more about arXivLabs. Which authors of this paper are endorsers? | Disable MathJax (What is MathJax?)